Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Question 1

What are the steps of a formulation? (1-6)

Answer 1

1. what you mean by formulation
2. the problem
3. the patient’s strengths
4. how you collected the information
5. what typically happens before
6. what typically happens after

Question 2

What are the steps of a formulation? (7-12)

Answer 2

7. what makes it worse or better
8. why the problem occurs
9. how you know this
10. what interventions are needed
11. who agrees with the formulation
12. how the formulation might be checked

Question 3

What is stoicism?

Answer 3

reason can overcome our assumptions and emotions to help us find equanimity in the face of life’s vicissitudes

Question 4

Complete the quote “a person can ___ ___ ___ their own life and can learn to become ___ ___ ___”

Answer 4

A person can exert control over their own life and can learn to become their own therapist

Question 5

What is the interdependence principle?

Answer 5

Cognitions, emotions, behaviour and physiology interact to determine psychological function and ‘problems’. Changing conditions or behaviour can have an impact on the others,

Question 6

Why is CBT empirical?

Answer 6

Emphasis on measurable and observable phenomena; theories and treatments in CBT should be evaluated rigorously; testing out hypotheses is key in CBT

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of the ABC model?

Answer 7

Activating Event
Beliefs
Consequences

Question 8

What are two assessment measures?

Answer 8

Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

Question 9

What is CBT’s approach to assessment?

Answer 9

History of the problem
ABCs
Diaries
Psychometric assessment
Perspective of others

Question 10

What are 10 classical CBT terms?

Answer 10

Thinking errors/faulty information processing, Negative automatic thoughts. Arbitrary inference, Selective Abstraction, Overgeneralisation, Minimisation and Maximisation
Personalisation
Absolutistic dichotomous thinking

Question 11

Describe CBT

Answer 11

Structured, short-term, present-oriented
Focused on cogniton
Directed towards solving current problems and modifying dysfunctional thinking and behaviour
Collaborative

Question 12

According to the cognitive model, people’s emotions, behaviours and physiology are influenced by what?

Answer 12

Our perception of events

Question 13

What are core beliefs?

Answer 13

Beliefs that start in childhood and are global, rigid and overgeneralised

Question 14

What are intermediate beliefs?

Answer 14

Attitudes, rules or assumptions that people create by categorising the information

Question 15

What are automatic thoughts?

Answer 15

Quick, evaluative and situation specific

Question 16

What are dsyfunctional thoughts?

Answer 16

Inaccurate or unhelpful thoughts that can be unlearned and more functional ones can be developed

Question 17

What are the key parts of a CBT formulation?

Answer 17

Core Beliefs
Intermediate Beliefs
Event
Automatic Thoughts
Reaction

Question 18

What are the 4 main CBT interventions?

Answer 18

Avoidance Hierarchy
Diary
Cognitive Restructuring
Behavioural Activation

Question 19

What is an avoidance hierarchy?

Answer 19

Ladder constructed of places or situations that are avoided from most at the top to least at the bottom, each is given a % anxiety

Question 20

How might a diary be used in CBT?

Answer 20

Patients create a diary in which they test their beliefs, rate the anxiety the belief causes, design an experiment to test the thoughts and see the outcomes.

Question 21

What is cognitive restructuring?

Answer 21

The patient is encouraged to replace or rephrase an old core belief, by finding evidence that supports a new perspective.

Question 22

What is behavioural activation?

Answer 22

Most depressed patients have withdrawn from activities, helping them to become more active can improve their mood

Question 23

How might a therapist use relaxation in CBT?

Answer 23

The therapist asks the patient to engage in relaxation exercises such as progressive muscle relaxation, imagery, controlled breathing etc.

Question 24

How might a therapist use guided discovery in CBT?

Answer 24

The therapist uses questions to help the patient evaluate their thinking

Question 25

How might a therapist use a behavioural experiment in CBT?

Answer 25

Therapist designs an experiment to help the patient to test his/her own thoughts

Question 26

CBT evaluation

Answer 26

Task specific- changes in scores given to thoughts, pleasure, achievement and depression
Distress reduction- Subjective units of distress
Disorder based evaluation- BAI, BDI, PHQ-9, GAD-7

Question 27

What evidence base is there for CBT?

Answer 27

Over 500 studies demonstrated CBT efficacy for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, psychological problems, and medical problems with psychological components

Question 28

Who developed CBT?

Answer 28

Beck

Question 29

What are the basic principles of CBT?

Answer 29

Collaborative, emphasis on patient’s experience, active engagement, time-limited, empirical, problem-oriented, guided discovery, behavioural methods, feedback, homework

Question 30

What can CBT used to treat?

Answer 30

Anxiety, depression, BDD, Eating disorders and spanning further into personality disorders, bipolar and psychosis but isnt as well evidence based

Question 31

What is continuum work?

Answer 31

Identify the extreme ends of your thought, place yourself where you think you are, define the ends, rate other people, re-rate yourself

Question 32

What are the 3 levels of thinking?

Answer 32

Negative automatic thoughts, rules for life and core beliefs

Question 33

What are some common criticisms of CBT?

Answer 33

Not everyone responds well; been criticised for its evidence base; reliant on collaboration; not what everyone wants

Question 34

How is CBT used in the treatment of panic disorder?

Answer 34

Testing out catastrophic thoughts, hyperventilation provocation and panic provocation- running up & down stairs, dropping of safety behaviours, behavioural experiments, exposure