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Exotics and random anatomy > Fish husbandry > Flashcards

Fish husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What groups are fishes are included in teleosts?

A

Carp, goldifsh, salmon, trout, parrotfish

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2
Q

What group are carps and goldfish in?

A

Cyprinidae

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3
Q

How do fish survive in frozen waters?

A

Antifreeze protein in blood

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4
Q

What types of reproduction can fish show?

A

Oviparous
Viviparous
Spawning in nests, fertilisation then egg depositor

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5
Q

Are fish monogamous?

A

Can be promiscuous, polygyny, polyandry, monogamy, some asexual

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6
Q

Which fish do not show sexual dimorphism?

A

Herrings

Anchovies

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7
Q

What are the 3 water salinities of fish?

A

Freshwater
Brackish
Marine

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8
Q

What are the 3 temperature ranges of fish?

A

Polar
Temperate
Tropical

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9
Q

Why is it very important to reduce stress and damage when handling?

A

Causes secondary infections

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10
Q

If a fish is suspected of an infection, what should be done?

A

Quarantine for 1-3 month s
Health check a sample of fish
Disinfection vital ,UV sterilisation

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11
Q

What are fish used for?

A

Ornamental
Experiments (2nd most used lab animal)
Aquaculture

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12
Q

How can fish be euthanised?

A

Overdose/rapid chilling if tropical
Co2 saturated water
Decapitation
Blunt force then severe spinal cord

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13
Q

What chemical can be used for euthanasia? What environments should this be done in?

A

Benzocaine

Bucket out of sight, water from system, same temperature

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14
Q

What temperature do rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) require? What water do they require?

A

18 degrees
Fast flowing
Aggressive predators

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15
Q

Carp are tolerant to a wide temperature range. What water do they require?

A

Fresh

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16
Q

What salinity of water and temperature do sea bass require?

A

Marine or brackish

12 degrees

17
Q

What water do mudskippers require? What do they require to prevent desiccation?

A

Brackish - although spend most of time on the beach
Humid environment
Males very aggressive

18
Q

Where does metabolic waste come from in fish?

A

75% gills

25% urine

19
Q

What happens to faeces and solid wastes as they decay in water? (Fish)

A

Decay to ammonia

Toxic to fish and clouds the water

20
Q

What are the 3 sections of filtration?

A

Mechanical
Biological
Chemical

21
Q

What is the purpose of mechanical filtration? Why is this important?

A

Prevent solid waste

Decomposes to ammonia, decaying uses oxygen, encourages pathogens, clogs the filter and fish girls

22
Q

What bacteria cause mineralisation and decomposition of solid waste in fish tanks? How do they contribute to gunk?

A

Heterotrophic

Form thick layers themselves which clog the filter

23
Q

What is the purpose of biological filtration?

A

Encourage growth of autotrophic bacteria

Breakdown toxic nitrogenous waste into harmless form

24
Q

Describe the process of biological filtration of ammonia being converted to nitrates

A

Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOBs) breakdown toxic ammonia to nitrate
Nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOBs) break down nitrite to nitrate
Nitrate less toxic

25
Q

What do biological filters require?

A 
Small amount of ammonia as food source
Water
Dark - inhibited by light 
Oxygen for oxidation 
Clean surface
26
Q

Biofilters rarely need cleaning. What is a mucky bio filter the sign of? Why should they not be cleaned with tap water? What else can harm biofilters?

A

Inadequate mechanical filter
Chlorine in tap water kills bacteria
Antibiotics

27
Q

What is the purpose of chemical filtration?

A

Adsorb undesirable substances from water

28
Q

What are 3 examples of the compounds in chemical filters? What do they do?

A

Carbon granules - remove yellow colour
Zeolite - remove ammonia (freshwater only)
Phosphate removing granules - prevent algae

29
Q

Why is efficient mechanical filtration important when using chemical filters e.g. activated carbon granules?

A

Solid waste blocks the pore of the media and prevents access to internal of granules

30
Q

What are the 3 intensiveness systems of fish? Give an example of each

A

Open - caged environments in rivers, open sea etc
Semiclosed - rely on regular clean water to maintain water quality e.g. aquariums and trout raceways
Closed - water recycled in the system e.g. most aquariums, ornamental fish

Exotics and random anatomy (23 decks)

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