Chapter 3

Question 1

Human cells have three basic parts

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

flexible outer boundary

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

intracellular fluid containing organelles

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

DNA containing control center

Question 5

Lipid bilayer is made up of

Answer 5

75% phospholipids

Question 6

Two parts of phospholipids

Answer 6

phosphate heads and fatty acid tails

Question 7

Phosphate heads

Answer 7

polar and hydrophilic

Question 8

Fatty acids tails

Answer 8

non polar and hydrophobic

Question 9

Integral proteins

Answer 9

firmly inserted into membrane

Question 10

Integral protein function

Answer 10

transport proteins, enzymes, or receptors

Question 11

Peripheral proteins

Answer 11

loosely attached to integral proteins

Question 12

Peripheral proteins function

Answer 12

enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction, cell-to-cell connections

Question 13

Glycocalyx function

Answer 13

specific biological markers for cell-to-cell recognition

allows immune system to recognize “self” vs. “non self”

Question 14

Tight Junctions

Answer 14

integral proteins on adjacent cells fuse to form an impermeable junction that encircles whole cell

Question 15

Desmosomes

Answer 15

rivet-like cell junction formed when linker proteins of neighboring cells interlock like the teeth of a zipper

Question 16

Gap Junctions

Answer 16

transmembrane proteins form tunnels that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell

Question 17

Passive Tranport

energy or no?

Answer 17

no energy

Question 18

Types of passive transport

Answer 18

diffusion and filtration

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

movement of molecules down their concentration gradients (from high to low)

Question 20

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 20

pressure of water inside cell pushing on membrane

Question 21

Osmotic pressure

Answer 21

tendency of water to move into cell by osmosis

Question 22

Isotonic solution

Answer 22

same osmolarity as inside the cell, so volume remains unchanged

Question 23

Hypertonic solution

Answer 23

higher osmolarity than inside the cell, so water flows out of cell, resulting in cell shrinking

Question 24

Hypotonic solution

Answer 24

lower osmolarity than inside cell, so water flows into cell, resulting in cell swelling

Question 25

Shrinking is referred to as

Answer 25

crenation

Question 26

Cell bursting is referred to as

Answer 26

lysing

Question 27

Active Transport

Answer 27

moves solutes against their concentration gradient (from low to high)
-required energy (ATP)

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

involves formation of protein-coated vesicles

Question 29

Phagocytosis

Answer 29

type of endocytosis that is referred to as “cell eating”

Question 30

Who is phagocytosis used by?

Answer 30

macrophages and certain other white blood cells

Question 31

Pinocytosis

Answer 31

type of endocytosis that is referred to as “cell drinking” or fluid-phase endocytosis

Question 32

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 32

involves endocytosis and transcytosis of specific molecules