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RED > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Chronic metabbolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia

Caused by:

  • Insulin deficiency
  • Impared B-cell function/loss of insulin insensitivity
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2
Q

Common signs + symptoms of diabetes

A

Polyuria

Glycosuria

Thirst

Fatigue

Blurred Vision

Infections

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3
Q

Specific T1DM signs + symptoms

A

Weight loss

Ketoacidosis

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4
Q

Specific T2DM signs + symptoms

A

Complications

Altered mental status

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5
Q

Glycosuria + Osmotic Diuresis

A
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6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?

A

Fasting > 7 mmol/L

Random > 11.1 mmol/L

HbA1C > 48 mmol/mol

Plasma glucose conc > 11.1 mmol/L, 2hrs after taking 75g glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test

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7
Q

Hb1Ac

A

Combination of glucose + haemoglobin

Hb1Ac reflects average glucose in blood during last 2-3 months

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8
Q

What is T1DM

  • Onset
  • Treatment
A
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9
Q

What is T2DM

  • Onset
  • Speed of onset
  • Treatment
A
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10
Q

Secondary causes

A
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11
Q

Aims of management

A
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12
Q

Sources of insulin

A
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13
Q

How is insulin classified

A
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14
Q

How is insulin administered

A
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15
Q

Cell replacement therapy for T1DM

A
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16
Q

Acute complications of T1DM

A
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17
Q

Causes of hypoglycaemia

A
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18
Q

Signs + symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A
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19
Q

Treatment for hypoglycaemia

A
20
Q

Ketogenesis

  • 3 ketone bodies
  • What inhibits/stimulates it
  • What happens in starvation/T1DM
A
21
Q

Consequences of loss of insulin action

A
22
Q

Symptoms for increase glucose + increase ketones

A
23
Q

What happens if increase in glucose + ketones are not managed

A
24
Q

How to treat diabetic ketoacidosis

A
25
Q

How to monitor diabetes

A
26
Q

Drug options for T2DM

A
27
Q

Metformin

A
28
Q

Sulphonylurea

A
29
Q

Sulphonylurea

A

e.g. gliclazide, tolbutamide, gilbenclamide

30
Q

Prandial glucose regulators

A

e.g. repaglinide, nateglinide

31
Q

Which drugs stimulate insulin release?

A
32
Q

Pioglitazone

A

e.g. thiazolidinedione

33
Q

Acarbose

A
34
Q

Incretin mimetics/GLP-1 mimetics

A

e.g. exenatide, liraglutinide

35
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers)

A

e.g. saxagliptin, vildagliptin

36
Q

Benefits of incretins

A
37
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors

A

e.g. dapagliflozin, canagliflozin

38
Q
A
39
Q

Acute complications of T2DM

A
40
Q

What are the long-term complications of DM?

A
41
Q

What enhances development of complications?

A
42
Q

What can help with nephropathy complication?

A
43
Q

What causes microvascular complications?

A
44
Q

What causes macrovascular complications?

A
45
Q

How do we manage risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, pro-coagulant states, in microvascular + macrovascular complications?

A

RED (17 decks)

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