6.4 Organisation And Specialisation Of Cells

Question 1

How does an erythrocytes flattened, biconcave shape enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 1

Increases the surfaces to volume ratio to increase the rate of diffusion

Question 2

How does an erythrocyte having no organelles enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 2

More space available for haemoglobin

Haemoglobin binds to Oxygen

Question 3

How does an erythrocytes flexibility due to protein arrangements in membrane enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 3

Ability to squeeze through capillaries

Question 4

How does a neutrophils multi-lobed nucleus enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 4

Ability to squeeze through gaps in the capillary walls to reach infections

Question 5

How does a neutrophil having many lysosomes enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 5

They contain hydrolytic enzymes (to destroy pathogens)

Question 6

How does a sperm cells flagellum enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 6

To move towards the egg

Question 7

How does a sperm cells many mitochondria enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 7

Supplies energy for movement

Question 8

How does a sperm cells acrosome enable it to carry out its function?

Answer 8

Contains digestive enzymes to enable the sperm to penetrate the egg

Question 9

What is the function of many chloroplasts (packed close together) in palisade cells?

Answer 9

High rate of light absorption for photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the function of thin walls in palisade cells?

Answer 10

Smaller diffusion distance = greater diffusion rate

Question 11

What is the function of the large vacuole in palisade cells?

Answer 11

Maintains turgor pressure

Question 12

What is the function of the long, narrow extensions of the cell in root hair cells?

Answer 12

Large surface area to increase water and mineral uptake from the soil

Question 13

What is the function of the large vacuole with a high concentration of dissolved solutes in root hair cells?

Answer 13

Lower water potential to increase rate of water uptake from the soil

Question 14

What is the function of the guard cells (two kidney-shaped cells with thickened inner cell walls)?

Answer 14

They control when stomata open (depending on the requirement for gas exchange and water levels in the plant)

Question 15

What is a tissue?

Answer 15

A collection of differentiated that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 16

Squamous epithelium (location, structural features, function)

Answer 16

Location: capillaries and alveoli
Structural features: thin/flat
Function: increase diffusion rate

Question 17

Ciliated epithelium (location, structural features, function)

Answer 17

Location: trachea
Structural features: cilia on the outside of cells
Function: sweep mucus from trachea

Question 18

Cartilage (location, structural features, function)

Answer 18

Location: joints (between bones
Structural features: firm and flexible
Function: protective connection tissue