Core component 2 - Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses

Question 1

What are in all prokaryotes

Answer 1

DNA molecule loose in cytoplasm
Peptidoglycan wall
70S ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

Question 2

What are only in some prokaryotes

Answer 2

Slime coat
Flagella - one, some or many
Photosynthetic lamellae holding photosynthetic pigments
Mesomome - site of aerobic respiration
Plasmids

Question 3

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - length

Answer 3

Prokaryotes are 1-10 um

Eukaryotes are 10-100 um

Question 4

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - organelles

Answer 4

Prokaryotes have no organelles

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - DNA

Answer 5

Prokaryotes have DNA free in cytoplasm

Eukaryotes have DNA combined with protein in chromosomes

Question 6

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - Nuclear envelope

Answer 6

Prokaryotes have no nuclear envelope

Eukaryotes have a double membrane around the nucleus

Question 7

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - cell wall

Answer 7

Prokaryotes have a peptidoglycan cell wall

Eukaryotes have cellulose cell walls in plants and chitin cell walls in fungi

Question 8

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - chloroplasts

Answer 8

Prokaryotes have none but may use photosynthetic lamellae to photosynthesise
Eukaryotes have chloroplasts present in plants and some protoctista

Question 9

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - mitochondria

Answer 9

Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria but may use mesosome for respiration
Eukaryotes have a mitochondria

Question 10

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - ribosomes

Answer 10

Prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes

Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes free In cytoplasm or attached to ER

Question 11

What are the features of a virus which means that it is not a living organism?

Answer 11

It has:
No organelles
No cytoplasm
No chromosomes
Basic structure - nuclei acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat
Does not do MRS C GREN (Reproduces inside other living cell)

Question 12

Why are the cell membranes of viruses unable to change shape?

Answer 12

Because they have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Question 13

Explain the structure of a virus?

Answer 13

They do not show a typical cell structure

Question 14

What does the cell theory state?

Answer 14

That new cells are formed from other existing cells

The cell is the fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms