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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > ADULT MOOD DISORDERS > Flashcards

ADULT MOOD DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

DSM-5 - depression

A

5 or more present in 2 week period:

  • depressed mood
  • diminished interest in acitivities
  • weight loss/gain
  • insomnia/hypersomnia
  • feelings of worthlessness/guilt
  • recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
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2
Q

bipolar I DSM-5

A
  • at least one manic episode

- not better explained by schizoprenia spectrum type disorder

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3
Q

bipolar II DSM-5

A
  • at least one hypomanic episode one major depressive episode
  • never met manic episode criteria
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4
Q

assessing mood

A
  • ask others
  • observation
  • clincial interviews
  • questionnaires
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5
Q

duration of mood changes

A
  • is there a pattern of when mood changes?
  • how quickly does it fluctuate?
  • how long has it been happening?
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6
Q

scales of assessing mood (Fried, 2017)

A
  • 280 scales in last century
  • 7 compared for content overlap
  • 52 disparate symptoms
  • 12% appeared in all scales
  • low content overlap
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7
Q

biological theories of depression

A

dysregulation of major monoaminergic systems

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8
Q

biological treatments of depression

A

antidepressants: SSRI/SNRI

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9
Q

biological theories of bipolar disorder

A

dysregulation of major monoaminergic systems

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10
Q

biological treatments of bipolar disorder

A

mood stabilisers (e.g. antidepressants, lithium, anticonvulsants + antipsychotics)

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11
Q

genetic theories of depression

A
  • family studies - increased risk for first-degree relatives
  • MZ > DZ
  • no clear genes identifed
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12
Q

genetic theories of bipolar disorder

A
  • increased risk in first degree relatives
  • MZ > DZ
  • candidate genes but not yet well established
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13
Q

genetic treatments for bipolar disorder

A

ECT

  • electric through brain to induce seizure
  • treatment resistent depression
  • NICE guidance
  • some side effects/complications

rTMS

  • small electric currents created under coil
  • electromagnetism principles
  • disruption of neural processing
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14
Q

behavioural theories

A
  • reduced frequency of positive reinforcement (Lewinsohn, 1974)
  • learned helplessness (seligman) - occurs when outcomes found to be independent of responses
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15
Q

cognitive processes (beck et al., 1979)

A
  • arbitary inference (draw conclusion without evidence)
  • overgeneralisation
  • magnification + minimisation
  • black and white thinking
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16
Q

CBT

A
  • education
  • goal driven
  • mood monitoring
  • link thoughts, feelings and behaviours
  • developing strategies
  • behavioural experiments
  • challenging thoughts
17
Q

socio-cultural factors

A
  • social inequality
  • family factors in development and maintenance
  • bullying and victimisation
  • maltreatment
  • societal level of traumatic incidents (Lai et al., 2013)

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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