Hormones

Question 1

GnRH

Answer 1

Released by hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> LH and FSH

Question 2

GHRH (Growth Releasing Hormone)

Answer 2

Released by hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> Growth Hormone –> influences bones, muscles, and increased glucose levels

Question 3

TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone)

Answer 3

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> TSH –> Thyroid –> T3 and T4 –> blood and small intestine

Question 4

CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone)

Answer 4

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> ACTH –> Adrenal Cortex –> Glucocorticoids like Cortisol

Question 5

PIF (Prolactin Inhibiting Factor)

Answer 5

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> inhibits prolactin release

Question 6

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Answer 6

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• follicle maturation in females/ spermatogenesis in males

Question 7

Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 7

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• ovulation in females/testosterone synthesis in males

Question 8

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 8

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• influences muscles and bones, increases blood glucose

Question 9

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 9

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• influences thyroid to release T3 and T4

Question 10

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 10

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• influences adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol

Question 11

Prolactin

Answer 11

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide
• influences milk production and secretion in breasts
• inhibited by Prolactin Inhibiting Factor released by hypothalamus (PIF)

Question 12

Endorphins

Answer 12

FLAT PEG: AP

• peptide hormone
• decrease pain sensation, increase euphoria

Question 13

Antidieuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 13

PP

• peptide hormone
• increases water reabsorption by increasing permeability of the collecting duct
• acts in response to increased blood osmolarity and decreases blood osmolarity
• increases blood volume and bp

Question 14

Oxytocin

Answer 14

PP

• peptide hormone
• uteral contractions, pleasure feelings, bonding

Question 15

Calcitonin

Answer 15

Thyroid Cells

• amino acid hormone
• decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting the action of osteoclasts on bones

Question 16

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 16

Parathyroid

• amino acid hormone
• increases blood calcium levels by promoting action of osteoclasts on bones

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

Pancreas: PIGS (alpha cells)

• peptide
• raises blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen and inhibits protein production
• promotes glyconeogenesis
• releases fatty acids from adipose cells into blood stream

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Pancreas: PIGS (beta cells)

• peptide
• lowers blood glucose levels storing glucose as glycogen

Question 19

Somatostatin

Answer 19

Pancreas: PIGS (delta cells)

• peptide
• inhibits both insulin and glucagon

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

• mineralocorticoid steroid
• in response to Angiotensin II
• increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct –> results in pulling water into the blood stream –> increases blood volume and blood pressure
• does NOT change blood osmolarity
• increases K+ and H+ excretion

Question 21

Estrogen

Answer 21

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

• steroid
• development of female secondary sexual characteristics; maturation of sperm in males

Question 22

Progesterone

Answer 22

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

• steroid
• influences periods: after ovulation, increases in preparation for embryo implantation, when embryo does not implant results in decrease and shedding of uterine lining

Question 23

Testosterone

Answer 23

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

• steroid
• male secondary sexual characteristics and development of testes and prostate

Question 24

Epinephrine

Answer 24

Adrenal Medulla: MEN

• peptide
• promotes glycogenolysis in liver to increases blood sugar
• promotes glycogenolysis in muscles to increase blood sugar

Question 25

Norepipnephrine

Answer 25

Adrenal Medulla: MEN

• peptide
• promotes glycogenolysis in liver to increases blood sugar
• promotes glycogenolysis in muscles to increase blood sugar
• too much = mania
• not enough = depression

Question 26

Thyroxiine (T4)

Answer 26

Thyroid

• amino acid hormone
• influences small intestine and blood
• slower, longer lasting effects on metabolism
• clear cholesterol from plasma and increases glucose absorption from small intestine

Question 27

Triidothryonine (T3)

Answer 27

Thyroid

• amino acid hormone
• rapid, shorter duration on metabolism
• clear cholesterol from plasma and increases glucose absorption from small intestine

Question 28

Ghrelin

Answer 28

Stomach

-increases appetite and release of orexin

Question 29

Orexin

Answer 29

increases appetite and alertness

Question 30

Leptin

Answer 30

Fat Cells

-decreases appetite by decreasing orexin production

Question 31

Secretin

Answer 31

Duodenum

• acts on pancreas
• stimulates pancreatic enzyme release into duodenum
• regulate pH by inhibiting HCl secretion from parietal cells and increases bicarbonate secretion from pancreas
• slows motility through digestive tract to allow digestive enzymes to act on chyme

Question 32

Colycystokinin (CCK)

Answer 32

Duodenum

• in response to amino acids and fat in chyme
• stimulates release of bile from gallbladder and pancreatic juices that breakdown carbs and proteins