Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Clauss et al

Answer 1

Inhibited temperament = greater activation in amygdala and caudate nucleus. 40% of this group will develop SAD

Question 2

Cohen et al

Answer 2

Children with early adversity = greater fronto-amygdala activity with adversity. Also trait anxiety = less habituated response of amygdala to fearful face

Question 3

Maron and Nutt

Answer 3

Difference in biology of GAD and depression = different disorders

Question 4

Fouche et al

Answer 4

fMRI = amygdala and other limbic structures

Structural imaging = abnormalities in additional areas related to social interaction e.g. FFA and occipital cortex

Question 5

Del Casale et al

Answer 5

Panic disorder = smaller amygdala and anterior cingulate volume and greater volume of some brainstem nuclei.
METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS = role of medication? Co-morbid disorders? Systems found related to what looking for?

Question 6

Graeff and Del-Ben

Answer 6

Panic disorder = increased activity in L insula, midbrain and superior temporal gyrus. Decreased activity in R ACC

Question 7

Respiratory dysregulation?

Answer 7

How to distinguish between this and anxiety?

Question 8

Duval et al

Answer 8

Neuronal distinction between different anxiety disorders. Greater involvement of emotion-generating regions in Panic and specific phobias. Greater involvement of prefrontal regions in GAD and PTSD