Week 7: Acid-Base Physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 types of buffering systems?
Bicarbonate buffering system
Is used for metabolic acids in the blood and ISF
Phosphate buffering system
Is important within the ICF
Protein buffering system
Specifically, within ECF and ICF
What are the 3 renal mechanisms for its response to metabolic acids?
Reabsorption of HCO3-, generation of HCO3 and (generation of HCO3 and excretion of NH4)
Explain the renal mechanism of reabsorbing HCO3
Describe the renal mechanism of generating new HCO3
Describe the renal mechanism of generating new bicarb and exreting NH4
What is the normal range of bicarb that should be in the body?
Around 22 -26
What is the normal range of CO2 that should be in the body?
around 35-45
What is the formula for the anion gap with potassium and its normal range?
(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)
normal range you be 8-16
What is the formula for the anion gap without including potassium and its normal range?
Na - (Cl + HCO)
3 to 11
Fort the following:
pH: 7.64
PaCO2: 32
PaO2: 75
HCO3: 33
What type of ph disturbance is present?
is there compensation?
What is the acid base diagnosis?
Alkalosis
No, PaCO2 is in normal range
metabolic alkalosis
Fort the following:
pH: 7.31
PaCO2: 33
PaO2:
HCO3: 16
What type of ph disturbance is present?
is there compensation?
What is the acid base diagnosis?
acidosis
not really, maybe a little resp compensation
metabolic acidosis
Fort the following:
pH: 7.58
PaCO2: 49
PaO2:
HCO3: 44
What type of ph disturbance is present?
is there compensation?
What is the acid base diagnosis?
alkalosis
yes increase in Co2
metabolic alkalosis
A patient has respiratory acidosis, explain the mechanism used by the body to compensate for this acid base disturbance
3 mechanisms: Buffers (fast acting), renal mechanisms and respiratory mechanisms
The buffers which act in 1-3 seconds bind to H+ buffering the hydrogen ions.
The renal mechanisms increase reabsorption of Bicarbonate which binds to Hydrogen. There is also increase excretion of hydrogen
You would also hyperventilate to try and breath out as CO2
Patient has respiratory alkalosis. Explaint the mechanisms used by the body to compensate for it
Buffers: The buffers release bound H+ to increase free H+ to increase acidity
Renal: Decreases reabsorption of bicarbonate, increases excretion of bicarb, increases reabsorption of Hydrogen ions
Hypoventilate, breath less CO2 out
