Nuclear Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

john dalton - considered the father of the modern theory of atoms and molecules

A

1803

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2
Q

wilhelm roentgen discovered xray

A

1895

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3
Q

henri bacquerel discovered naturally occurring radioactive substances

A

1896

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4
Q

marie curie discovered two new elements in the uranium ore pitchblende; she named them polonium and radium

A

1898

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5
Q

george de hevesy, considered that father of nuclear medicine, developed the tracer principle and coined the term radionindicator

A

1923

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6
Q

ernest lawrence invented the cyclotron device used to produce (man-made) radioactive tracers

A

1931

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7
Q

hal anger introduced gamma camera

A

1958

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8
Q

david edwards and roy kuhl developed a crude single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera which allowed creation of 3D images

A

1960

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9
Q

SPECT imaging became standard practive

A

1980s

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10
Q

medical specialty focuses on the use of radioactive materials for diagnosis, therapy, and medical research

A

nuclear medicine

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11
Q

radioactive drug used for diagnosis or therapy

A

radiopharmaceuticals

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12
Q

radioactiong iostope used to allow a biological process to be seen

A

tracer

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13
Q

device that uses the emission of light from a cyrstal struck by gamma rays to produce an image of the distribution of radioactive material in a body organ

A

gamma or scintillation camera

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14
Q

creates transaxial images of organ physiology

A

position emission tomography (PET)

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15
Q

occurs when a posistion interacts with a free electron

A

positron annihilation

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16
Q

may have 30 t0 60 rings, each ring has as many as 1000 detectors

A

PET gantry

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17
Q

images that relates anatomic position

A

functional or prarmetric image

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18
Q

describes an atomic species with a particular arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

nuclide

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19
Q

elements with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

A

isotopes

20
Q

determines stability of atom

at certain ratios atoms are unstable

A

neutron-to-proton ratio

21
Q

process that occurs when atoms attempt to regain stability

A

spontaneous decay

22
Q

unique to each radionuclide

A

decay schemes

23
Q

time it takes for a quantity of a particular radionuclide to decay to one half its origianl activity
ranges from several hours to several days

A

half-life

24
Q

produced in reactors or particle accelerators
naturally occuring ones have very long half-lives
unsuitable for nulcear medicine imaging

A

radionuclides

25
Q

most commonly used and produced in generators

A

technetium-99

26
Q

sterile and phyrogen free

must undergo quality control measures

A

radiopharmaceuticals

27
Q

two components of radiopharmaceuticals

A

radionuclide

pharmaceutical

28
Q

can be bound to biologically active compounds or drugs to create a radiopharmaceutical

A

technetium

29
Q

measure of radioactivity

corresponds to the decay rate

A

becquerel (Bq)

30
Q

acquistion of a single image of a particular structure

lung scans; spot bone scan; thyroid scan

A

static image

31
Q

specifically designed moving detector produces image of the whole body

A

whole body imaging

32
Q

displays the distribution of radiopharmaceutical over a specific period
gastric emptying and first pass cardiac studies

A

dynamic imaging

33
Q

creates thin slices of an oragan similar to CT and MRI

myocardial, perfusion, liver, tumor, and parathyroid studies

A

SPECT imaging

34
Q

means within the body

A

vivo examinations

35
Q

survey to evaluate patiens with diffues musculoskeleta symptoms, metabolic disorders, or malignancies

A

bone scintigraphy

36
Q

noninvasive studies that assess cardiac performance

A

nuclear cardiology

37
Q

document extent of involvement of brain by tumors and determine progression or regression of lesions

A

central nervous system

38
Q

includes the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, suprarenal glands, islet cells of the panceras and the gonads

A

endocrine system

39
Q

liver/spleen scan and GI studies

A

gastroinstestinal system

40
Q

reliable, noninvasive procedures for evaluation the anatomy and function of nephrology, urology, and kidney
dynamic renal scan

A

genitourinay system

41
Q

potential for detecting and treating cancer

A

therapeuitic nuclear medicine

42
Q

evaluation of physiolgic function

A

in vitro & in vitro hermatologic studies

43
Q

diagnostic tool in evaluation inflammation, infection and abcess

A

imaging for infection

44
Q

evaluate pulmonary emboli, chronic bronchitis asthma

A

respiratory imaging

45
Q

contrast lymphangiography, MRI, and CT methods to evaluate status of lymph nodes

A

sentinel node