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Rad 201: Special Procedures & Imaging Modalities > Intervention Radiology > Flashcards

Intervention Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

are minimally invasive radiologic procedures that use angiographic techniques to diagnose disease

A

interventional radiology

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2
Q

radiologic examination of vascular structures within the body after introduction of iodinated contrast medium or gas

A

angiography

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3
Q

are categorized as either visceral or peripheral and can be further classified into the following major procedures

A

angiographic procedures

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4
Q

image of the arteries

A

arteriography

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5
Q

imaging of the veins

A

venography

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6
Q

imaging of the heart and associated structures

A

angiocardiography

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7
Q

imaging of the lymphatic vessels/nodes

A

lymphography

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8
Q

are performed to assess the severity of a stenoisis of occlusion in a vessel caused by atherosclerosis

A

arteriograms

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9
Q

is preformed to detect and verify the existence and exact postion of the intracranial vascular lesion such as an aneurysm

A

cerebral angiography

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10
Q

needed to visualize the vessel of interest

A

vessel access

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11
Q

must be introduced to the patients vasculature through which contrast media will be injected

A

catheter

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12
Q

developed by dr. sven seldinger in 1953 where an 18 gauge hollow needle containing a stylet is used precutanously in order to gain arterial or venous access

A

seldinger technique

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13
Q

three vessels are typically considered for catherterization

A

femoral, brachial, axillary

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14
Q

used to allow the safe introduction of the catheter into the vessel
allows the radiologist to posistion the catheter within the vascular network

A

guidewire

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15
Q

similar to guidewires, different sizes and shape to fit the vessel of interest
diameter is categorized in French (Fr) sizes; 3 FR equals 1 mm in diameter

A

catheters

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16
Q

usually a water-soulble, nonionic iodinated and radiopaque compound that is injected through the catheter for visualization of vessels

A

contrast media

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17
Q

have replaced ionic compounds because of their low osmolality and reduced risk of allergic reactions and physiologic problems

A

nonionic contrast media

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18
Q

primary purpose is to provide a vascular “road map” that enables the localization and diagnosis of pathology or other anomalies of the brain and neck region

A

cerebral angiography

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19
Q

most common studies

A

common and internal carotid arteriography

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20
Q

most frequently performed angiogram study to visualize the common carotid arteries

A

common carotid arteriography

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21
Q

allows visulazation of the internal carotid arteries and the birfurcation into the anterior and middle cerecral arteries

A

internal carotid arteriography

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22
Q

demonstrates the contour and integrity of the throcaic vasculature
angiographic study of the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and major branches

A

throacic arteriography

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23
Q

oblique visulaization of the aortic arch usually performed witht the pateint in a 45 degree LAO posistion

A

thoracic aortogram

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24
Q

demonstrates the arterial phase of a pulmonary angiogram, usually done to investigate for pulmonary embolus

A

pulmonary arteriogram

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25
Q

radiologic imaging of the heart and associated structures

A

angiocardiography

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26
Q

typically performed with angiocardiography to visualize the coronary arteries

A

coronary arteriography

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27
Q

performed to identify the anatomic and physicologic condition of the heart

A

cardiac catheterization

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28
Q

demonstrates the contour and integrity of abdominal vasculature
allows the visulization of abdominal vessels and possible obstruction or vessel tears

A

absominal angiography

29
Q

radiologic exam of the peripheral vasculature after the injection of contrast media

A

peripheral angiography

30
Q

injection by a cahther into an artery of an extremity

A

arteriograms

31
Q

injection into a vein of the extremity

A

venograms

32
Q

performed to visualize the lymph vessels and nodes

A

lymphongraphy

33
Q

usually an angiographic approach to create an embolus in a vessel thus restricting blood flow

A

embolization

34
Q

uses an angiographic approach and specilized catheters to dilate a stenosed vessel

A

precutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement

35
Q

uses a combination of interventional stents and surgical grafts to treat aortic aneurysms

A

stent-graft placement

36
Q

uses an angiographic technique to place a filter in the inferior vena cava to tream pulmunary emboli

A

inferior vena cava filter

37
Q

placement of venous access catheters to administer chemotherapy or large amounts of antibiotics for frequent blood tests and parenteral nutrition

A

insertion of venous access devices

38
Q

vasuclar-interventional procedure used to treat variceal bleeding, refractory ascitis and cirrhosis

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

39
Q

procedure that uses a dissolving agent injected through catherter into the region of the thrombus or clot, whereby the clost is lysed (disintegrated)

A

thrombolysis

40
Q

uses a range of agents such as vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, chemotherapeutic drugs, and radioactive materials that treat disease

A

infusions therapy

41
Q

procedure that removes foreign bodies such as (calculi, fragments of vascular catheters or guide wires, pacemaker electrodes, and shunts) through the use of loop snares, basket catheters, or endoscopic grasping forceps

A

extraction of vascular foreign bodies

42
Q

used to treat patients who have vertebral pain and instability caused by osteoporosis, spinal metaatases, compression fractures, or veterbral angiomas
injection of acrylic cement into the vertebral body to stablize the spine

A

percutaneous verterbroplasty and kyphoplasty

43
Q

involves placing a stent for decrompression of the obstructed bowel done preoperatively to reduce postoperative complications in the case of bowel obstructions and a palliative measures for colonic structures

A

enteric stenting

44
Q

performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic reasons and is useful in treating several types of kidney pathologies or disorders
used diagnostically for renal function assessment a urine culture, therapeutic reasons include stone diversion, chemolysis, and abscess drainage

A

nephrostomy

45
Q

used as a palliative procedure for unresectable malignant disease
internal or external drainage, stone removal, dialation of obstructed bile duct, and biopsy

A

percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD)

46
Q

indicated when abdominal or pelvic abscesses cannot be readliy treated by simple incision and when the location of the abscess is in a safe place for needle entery

A

percuatneous abdominal abseess drainage (PAD)

47
Q

perfromed when primary or metastic malignancy is suspected

A

precutaneous needle biopsy

48
Q

performed for extended feeding (greater than 4 weeks) of patients unable to eat, gastric decompression, dilation of upper GI tract when the oral approach fails

A

percutaneous gastrostomy

49
Q

involves using computers in conjuction with specilized imaging equipment to produce quality diagnostic digital images

A

digital image acquistion

50
Q

typically a multiphase format offering 12 pulses per second that offers high performance capabilities
allows high mA stations and low kVp setting that improve the visibility of contrast medium against surrounding soft tissue structures
allows for shorter exposure time which reduces exposure to the patient

A

generator

51
Q

constructed with larger diameter anode disks combined with a larger target angle or focal spot size to accommodate for the increased heat production

A

xray tube

52
Q

require the use of charge-couple devices (CCD) and an analog-to-digital converter to produce a digital image
CCD replaces the television camera in the vascular imaging system

A

analog image intensifiers

53
Q

acquire images digitally so no specail concersion equipment is required
composed of silicon pixel detectors that are known as flat panels or digital detectors

A

digital image intensifiers

54
Q

controls the speed of the imaging equipment and allows the images to be viewed in real-time

A

hardware

55
Q

controls various components of the imaging system including the generator, xray tube, image processing hardware, and archiving storage device

A

computer

56
Q

allows for the same delivery of large and small bolus injections of present amounts of contrast necessary for angiography

A

contrast medium injection devices

57
Q

display the injection parameters; manipulated by interbentional radiologist; includes flow rate, rise, total volume pressure and delay

A

control panel

58
Q

removable and disposable with a capacity of 40-260cc

A

syringe

59
Q

thermal sleeve placed over preloaded syringe to maintain contrast medium at normal body temperature, reduces viscosity

A

warming device

60
Q

an electromagnetic motor that moves a piston into or out of the syringe

A

high pressure mechanism

61
Q

prevents excessive amounts of contrast from being delivered to patient

A

volume limiting device

62
Q

prevents injection pressure from exceeding maximum presssure set prior to the injection

A

pressure limiting device

63
Q

allows electromechanical motor to accelerate over an exact duration of time to prevent whiplash of the catheter

A

acceleration regulator

64
Q

prevents an instant surge of injection pressure by gradually increasing the psi to preset limits

A

rate-rise control

65
Q

typically an island-type, low attenuation table that provides acces to the patient on all sides
four-floating capabilities
adjustable height
table plate for attachement of equipment
tilting mechanism
constructed of low radiation absorbing plastic and carbon fiber material that does not degrade image quality

A

angiographic table

66
Q

allows the monitoring of the patients venous and arterial pressures and ECG

A

physiologic monitoring equipment

67
Q

spot filming replaced traditional spot film devices

involves the production of one image and is generally used when only a few images are needed for a procedure

A

digital angiography

68
Q

a highly sophisticated computer - substracts or removes bone and soft tissue structures so that the resultant image demonstrates only the vessles of interest containing contrast media
(vessels in the head, chest, extremeties)

A

digital substraction angiography (DSA)

69
Q

involves taking numerous exposures (frames) in a secon
used primarily for cardiac catherterization which requires exposure rates of 15, 30, or 60 frames per second
able to demonstrate events that are normally too fast or cannot be seen by general fluoroscopy

A

digital cineradiography

Rad 201: Special Procedures & Imaging Modalities (14 decks)

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