Presentation

Question 1

Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 1

Brainstem stroke, trauma, damage to LMN – cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Hypernasality, nasal emission, imprecise consonants, phonatory incompetence, breathy voice QL, respiration may be weakened, monopitch/loudness.

Question 2

Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 2

• Spastic – bilateral UMN damage to the direct and indirect pathways. Imprecise consonant production, abnormal short voice onset, incomplete articulatory contact and clusters, vowel distortion, harsh vocal quality, hypernasality, monopitch/loudness, respiration do not appear to play big role, pseudobulbar – uncontrollable crying/laughing, drooling.

Question 3

Unilateral UMN Dysarthria

Answer 3

Damage to UMN – 1 side of the brain. Principally disorder of articulation, imprecise consonant production, slow alternate motion rates, mild/moderate harsh vocal quality, small percent hypernasality, prosody and respiration rarely impaired.

Question 4

Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 4

damage to cerebellum – degenerative diseases, stroke, TBI. Problems controlling timing and force of muscles for articulation, scanning speech – slow deliberate production, significant imprecise consonant production, distorted vowels, slurred speech, equal and excess stress, prolonged phonemes, monopitch/loudness, slow rate, harsh vocal quality, voice tremor, no hypernasality/resonance difficulties, uncoordinated movements in respiratory muscles.

Question 5

Hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 5

PD – progressive degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in substantia nigra. Errors of prosody and articulation, monopitch, decreased stress, monoloudness, inappropriate silences, increase rate of speech, short rushes of speech, imprecise consonants, repeated phonemes (palilalia), harsh breathy voice quality, fast breathing rate, mild/no difficulties with resonance.

Question 6

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 6

dysfunction in the basal ganglia – Chorea, HD, Stroke, Tardive dyskinesia. Prosody – prolonged intervals and variable rate of speech unpredictable and compensatory, monopitch/loudness and inappropriate silences imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, and prolonged phonemes, harsh vocal quality, excess loudness, strained voice, rapid unexpected inhalations and exhalations.