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JAP > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Saicho’s life

A
  • received ordination in Todaiji at 19
  • created foundation of Enryaukuji temple on mt. Hiei
  • appointed as naigubu monk
  • promoted Lotus sutra
  • tiantai master
  • received zen transmission and esoteric initiation
  • 1st person to bring zen to japan
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2
Q

Describe the basis of tendai buddhism

A

practice - study of doctrine, meditative concentration, esoteric and pure land chanting, vinyasa discipline

  • mandate rigorous study of lotus sutra and esoteric texts/practices
  • taught realization of threefold truth through meditation
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3
Q 
Buddhist vocabulary:
Samsara 
Nirvana 
Karma
Anitya 
Dukkha 
Anatman
A

Samsara - birth and rebirth, a cycle we want to escape
Nirvana - release from rebirth
Karma - drives the cycle of birth and rebirth, want it completely depleted
Anitya - impermanence
Dukkha - suffering
Anatman - non self

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4
Q

What are the buddhist 3 modes of practice

A

Sravaka - voice hearer: disciple of buddha
Prayukabuddha - solitary buddha: become buddha on own
Bodhisattva - detached from self, liberate others

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5
Q

Describe the tendai story burning house

A

Explains that there is one true vehicle, but the rich man uses other means to get the other kids out of the burning house

  • true vehicle: lotus sutra
  • lesson: adapt teachings for certain students according to their level of understanding
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6
Q

Describe universal buddhahood

A

promise of buddhahood for everyone, even women

  • Devadatta chapter
  • dragon girl
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7
Q

describe primordial buddha

A

sakyamuni achieved enlightenment billions of eons ago

  • emanation of a cosmic buddha: had better teachings
  • multiple buddhas can exist at once - identical to historical buddha
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8
Q

What did Saicho teach?

A
  • mahayana precepts (enkai) and ordination platform on mt. hiei
  • one vehicle and perfect teachings (engyo) - lotus sutra
  • direct path to enlightenment (jikido) or sudden teachings (tonkyo)
  • sokushin jobutsu - enlightenment in this body: not necessarily this lifetime
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9
Q

What religion is saicho associated with?

A

Tendai Buddhism

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10
Q

Describe Kukai

A
  • went to china to study with Huigo
  • received esoteric consecration (kanjo)
  • granted temple Toji by saga
  • joined gov’t prelates office
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11
Q

What type of buddhism served as the infrastructure for other forms of buddhism?

A

esoteric buddhism

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12
Q

What did Kukai teach?

A
  • efficacy of extraordinary language (mantra)
  • buddha nature
  • possibility of becoming buddha in one’s body
  • the three mysteries: speech (mantra), body (mudra), mind (mandala)
  • Buddha Mahavairocana: by speaking, you preach mahavairocana
  • we are small constituents that make up the whole
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13
Q

Describe esoteric buddhist practice

A
  • consecrations: for ppl who want to become masters
  • fire rituals
  • ajikan meditation
  • confessionals, memorial services, offerings to specific deities
  • sexual rituals
  • womb mandala, diamond mandala
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14
Q

Describe the power shifts after the 10th century (heian period)

A
  • Fujiwara regents
  • retired emperors era: no longer had any power
  • emergence of tax-free manors (shoen): changed economy of japan. land given to monk and courtiers - more powerful
  • military supremacy in the provisional regions
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15
Q

Describe the time before and during the Kamakura period

A
  • before the kamakura period: mega conflict between two warrior clans, Minamoto and Taira
  • Kamakura shogunate, ruled by minamoto no yoritomo est. capital in Kamakura
  • emergent school of Kamakura buddhism: focus on single practice
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16
Q

What religion is kukai associated with?

A

esoteric buddhism

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17
Q

What religion is honey associated with?

A

pure land buddhism

18
Q

Describe Honen’s life

A
  • tendai monk at mt. hiei
  • convinced japan entered final age of Dharma
  • Senchacku Hongan nenbutsu: argued that the nenbutsu is the highest form of buddhist practice
19
Q

What is the final age of the dharma?

A
  • aka mappo, people no longer able to practice buddhism
  • true dharma: 1000 years after buddha died
  • semblance of buddha: next 1000 years
  • final age of the dharma: next 10000 years, started in 1052
  • claimed that practitioners should become devoted to amida buddha
20
Q

What is the nenbutsu?

A
  • chanting namu amida butsu: intoning the name of amida as the sole path of salvation
  • do it as often as you can
  • have mind geared toward faith/devotion
21
Q

What is Senju nenbutsu?

A

single minded attention to nenbustu

22
Q

What did Honen believe about the relationship between religion and faith

A

believed that practice is the base for faith, and that faith is not the basis of practice

23
Q

What is raigo (the coming of amida buddha)?

A
  • chant this on your deathbed
  • him and other bodhisattvas come and will take your soul and lead you to the west
  • practice buddhism properly
24
Q

What did Honen believe about the salvation of low people?

A

for low people, ignorant people, warriors and farmers, honed believed that they can attain enlightenment through nenbutsu

25
Q

What parts of buddhism did Honen criticize?

A

the prevailing form of buddhism did not allow women to become enlightened - argued women should be preachers

26
Q

What were issues people had with Honen’s views?

A
  • simplification of practice: questions the validity of monastic buddhism, destroying distinction between ordained/not, break down of morals (antinomianism)
  • senju - interpreted as exclusive practice
  • dismissed the kami and openly denigrate their worship
27
Q

what was the response to honen?

A
  • tendai monks appealed to the abbot to abolish practice of exclusive nenbutsu
  • Jokei said his teachings were heresy
  • 2 members of Honen’s group executed for having sex w women
  • exiled to Tosa
  • Myoe wrote critique of honey’s teachings - Zaijarin
28
Q

What religion is Shinran associated with?

A

true pure land buddhism (jodo shinshu)

29
Q

Describe Shinran’s life

A
  • trained Tendai on Mt. Hiei
  • left to follow Honen
  • married a woman, pursued life as monk and master
  • banished to Echo
  • moved to Hitachi, spread amida faith among peasants
30
Q

What is the role of nenbutsu in True Pure Land Buddhism?

A
  • lay at the head of buddhist practice as an act of gratitude for their gift of faith
  • act that has merit effects in itself
  • faith directly given by Amirada
31
Q

what is the view that true pure land buddhism on monks and laymen?

A

ignored the distinction between them

32
Q

What are the TPLB views of the mapco?

A
  • believed that the world was already in the 683 year of mapco
  • belief in the power of amida buddha was the only choice
33
Q

What did TPLB do with self power and other power?

A

self power (jiriki) and other power (tariki) were distinguished from each other

34
Q

What religion is nichiren associated with?

A

The Lotus (nichiren) school

35
Q

what is the daimoku for the lotus school?

A

Namyo ho renge kyo!

- prose the wonderful dharma of the lotus sutra scripture

36
Q

Describe nichiren’s life

A
  • son of a fisherman
  • founded Lotus school in kamakura
  • created daimoku: intoning the title of the lotus sutra
  • wrote Rissho Ankokuraon, sent to regent Hojo Tokyori
  • kicked out for coming same time Kamakura was threatened
  • mongol attack came, nichiren pardoned
37
Q

What did Nichiren’s Rissho Anokokuraon predict and call for?

A
  • predicted that there would be a military conquest from the Mongols
  • calls to reprimand the promoters of pure land and zen buddhism
38
Q

What were nichiren’s views of the lotus sutra?

A

believed that the Kamakura leadership and buddhist establishment did not give the lotus sutra its rightful place

39
Q

During Nichiren’s time, describe the politicization of religion

A
  • linked the possibility of personal salvation to the creation of an ideal state that upheld the worship of the lotus sutra
  • the age of decline is an opportunity to practice to the lotus sutra
40
Q

What was nichiren’s views of the mappo?

A

accepter theory of mappo, rejected pessimism

41
Q

From what did the Koshin cult derive from?

A

sanno shinto and Ieyasu’s deification

JAP (6 decks)

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