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ALEVEL - Wars of the Roses > Henry VII > Flashcards

Henry VII Flashcards

1
Q

Which notable gentry/nobility supported Henry VII in his invasion?

A

Sir Edward Woodvile, Bishop of Exeter, Oxford, Dorset and Woodvilles

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2
Q

Who joins Henry’s side when marching thorough Wales in August 1485?

A

Rhys Ap Thomas and Walter Herbet

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3
Q

Why do Rhys Ap Thomas and Walter Herbet join Henry’s side when he is marching through Wales?

A

He promised them the lieutenancy of Wales

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4
Q

Who supports Henry when he is in the East of England/

A

Sir Gilbert Talbot with 500 men

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5
Q

Who held claims to the throne in 1485 after Bosworth?

A

Henry, Edward earl of Warwick (presumed dead), princes in the tower (presumed dead), Elizabeth of York, John de la Pole earl of Lincoln

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6
Q

What did Henry do the day before Bosworth?

A

Declare himself king so all who fought against him were traitors and reliant on the King’s mercy for survival

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7
Q

When did Edward marry Elizabeth of York?

A

January 1486

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8
Q

How many knights of the garter did Henry make?

A

37

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9
Q

What were bonds?

A

Agreement signed by nobles which meant they had to pay a fine if they misbehaved

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10
Q

How much of the nobility did Henry have under a bond?

A

75%, including Oxford

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11
Q

Who did Henry put in charge of Wales, the North and Ireland?

A

Jasper in Wales, Surrey in the north and Poynings in Ireland

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12
Q

How did Henry increase his control over Parliament?

A

Poynings law in 1495 that meant that all laws passed in England became law in Ireland, and Irish magnates could not call a Parliament without Henry’s permission

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13
Q

How was the Earl of Oxford rewarded for his loyalty?

A

Made admiral, chief steward of the duchy of Lancaster, Constable of the Tower of London and Chamberlain

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14
Q

How was Stanley rewarded for his loyalty?

A

Constable of England, High Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster and allowed to dominate the north west

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15
Q

Who stirred up Lovell’s rebellion?

A

Humphrey and Thomas Stafford and Lovell were the leaders

- Surviving supporters of Richard

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16
Q

When was Lovell’s rebellion?

A

Easter 1486

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17
Q

What was the outcome of Lovell’s rebellion, Easter 1486?

A

Attracted very little support. Lovell fled to Scotland and Humphrey Stafford was beheaded

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18
Q

Who supported Simnel initially?

A

Margaret of Burgundy and John de la Pole

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19
Q

Who supported Simnel in Ireland?

A

Gerald FitzGerald earl of Kildare

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20
Q

What support did Kildare give to Simnel?

A

4000 men

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21
Q

When was Simnel crowned in Ireland?

A

in Dublin in May 1487

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22
Q

What support did Margaret of Burgundy give to Simnel?

A

2000 Swiss mercenaries under Martin Schwartz

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23
Q

Where did Simnel land?

A

Barrow-in-Furness June 1487

24
Q

What is notable about the response of the nobles to Simnel landing in June 1487?

A

Magnates who could surpress the rebellion, especially Northumberland, did nothing

25
Q

When was the battle of stoke?

A

June 1487

26
Q

What was the outcome of Stoke?

A

Henry wins (just), John de la Pole and Schwarz killed

27
Q

What triggered the northern rebellion in 1489?

A

Resentment of paying tax for support Breton resistance to France

28
Q

What made the Northern rebellion significant?

A

Northumberland was killed while collecting the king’s tax in Yorkshire

29
Q

When did the Warbeck challenge span?

A

1491-99

30
Q

Who initially supported Warbeck?

A

Margaret of Burgundy and then Sir William Stanley

31
Q

Where did Warbeck first land and when, hoping to gather support?

A

Ireland in 1491

32
Q

What was the outcome of Warbeck landing in Ireland in 1491?

A

Warbeck was forced to leave - shows Henry’s tightening of authority was successful

33
Q

Where did Warbeck go after his failure to raise support in Ireland, 1491?

A

France in 1492 and was accepted by Charles VIII

34
Q

Why was Charles VIII accepting Warbeck as geniune in 1492 so significant?

A

Charles was motivated to break England’s treaty with Brittany. He was massively rich and powerful

35
Q

What treaties did Henry sign that displeased Charles?

A

Treaty of Bredon in 1489 where he supported Brittany’s independence
Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489 which was also one of France’s enemies

36
Q

Who formally recognised Warbeck once Charles VIII had in 1492?

A

James IV of Scotland

37
Q

How did Henry respond to Charles’ support of Warbeck in 1492?

A

Invaded France with 15k men in 1492.

38
Q

What was the result of Henry’s invasion of France in 1492?

A

Treaty of Etaples which gave a pension of £10k/year, the expulsion of Warbeck from France and recognition that Henry VII was the rightful King of England, and Henry abandoned his support for the Bretons

39
Q

Where did Warbeck go after being expelled from France in 1492?

A

Burgundy and then Vienna and got the support of Maximilian HRE

40
Q

When was Stanley’s treachery discovered and what was it?

A

£10k in a Holt castle to pay for an invading army

41
Q

What was Henry’s response to Stanley’s treachery?

A

Tried and executed, and from then on he did not interact with anyone but his favourites

42
Q

When did Warbeck attempt to invade England first, and what was the outcome?

A

Summer 1495 but his men were cut down at Deal so he had to flee

43
Q

Where did Warbeck flee to after his Summer 1495 failed invasion of England?

A

Ireland to Earl Desmond to join his rebellion

44
Q

What was the outcome of Desmond’s rebellion, and where did Warbeck go next?

A

They failed to capture Waterford and he moved to Scotland

45
Q

When did Warbeck land in Scotland?

A

Late 1495 and was formally recognised as King of England by James IV

46
Q

How was James IV’s support of Warbeck explicitly shown?

A

He married Catherine Gordon

47
Q

When did Warbeck invade England with Scottish support for the first time and what was the outcome?

A

1496 and Latimer crushed his army

48
Q

When was the Cornish rebellion, and what caused it?

A

1497 when Henry tried to raise a tax to invade Scotland

49
Q

What was the main event of the Cornish rebellion?

A

They killed Henry’s servant John Oby, and Lord Audley with 10k men marched unopposed to London

50
Q

What was the outcome of the rebellion?

A

Oxford and Daubeney crushed the rebllion, executed Audley and killed 200 rebels

51
Q

When did Warbeck land in Cornwall?

A

After the rebellion had been defeated and gathered some support, taking Exeter

52
Q

What was the outcome of Warbeck’s second invasion of England in 1497?

A

He was captured at Taunton by Daubeney and sent to the King

53
Q

When did Warbeck try to escape house arrest?

A

June 1498

54
Q

When were Warbeck and Warwick executed?

A

November 1499

55
Q

Why was the Warbeck threat so significant?

A

He attracted support from England - Stanlye
France, Burgundy, Scotland and HRE recognised him as Richard IV
He invaded England thrice
Warbeck directed Henry’s foreign policy 1491-99
Made Cornish rebellion more significant

ALEVEL - Wars of the Roses (5 decks)

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