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BFS - Meteorology > C08 - Adiabatic Processes and Stability > Flashcards

C08 - Adiabatic Processes and Stability Flashcards

1
Q

When a Parcel of Air has a natural tendency to rise it is said to be ‘____’?

A

Buoyant.

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2
Q

Rising air cools, causing ‘____’, clouds and maybe also ‘____’. These vertical air currents have great energy, rising in extremes at ‘____’ feet per minute. This can cause ‘____’ (4)?

A
  • Condensation.
  • Precipitation.
  • 10,000.
  • Severe Turbulence.
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3
Q

Define Adiabatic Process?

A

A Parcel of Air which can warm up or cool down without any external heat source or transfer of heat.

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4
Q

How does the Adiabatic Process work on a Parcel of Air?

A

By Compression or Expansion.

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5
Q

What does ALR stand for?

A

Adiabatic Lapse Rate.

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6
Q

Adiabatic Cooling happens when the Parcel of Air is?

A

Expanded.

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7
Q

Name two ways of Adiabatic Cooling?

A
  • When a Parcel of Air expands the Temperature decreases internally.
  • When a Parcel of Air rises the Atmospheric Pressure decreases with Height.
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8
Q

Air that is caused to rise in the Atmosphere will ‘____’ by ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Cool.

- Adiabatic Expansion.

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9
Q

Adiabatic Warming happens when the Parcel of Air is?

A

Compressed.

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10
Q

Name two ways of Adiabatic Warming by Compression?

A
  • When a Parcel of Air compresses the Temperature increases.

- When a Parcel of Air descends the Atmospheric Pressure increases.

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11
Q

Air that is caused to descend in the Atmosphere ‘____’ by ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Warms.

- Adiabatic Compression.

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12
Q

What does DALR stand for and its rate in Temperature (3)?

A
  • Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate.
  • 3°C per 1,000 ft.
  • 1°C per 100m.
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13
Q

Dry Air is said to be?

A

Unsaturated air with less than 100% Humidity.

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14
Q

What does SALR stand for and its rate in Temperature (3)?

A
  • Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate.
  • 1.8°C per 1,000 ft.
  • 0.6°C per 100m.
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15
Q

Saturated Air is said to be?

A

100% Humidity.

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16
Q

Name the effect and process which is linked to Saturated Air changing its Temperature by a smaller amount than Dry Air (2)?

A
  • Latent Heat.

- Condensation.

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17
Q

The warmer the Saturated Air, the slower it ‘____’?

A

Cools.

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18
Q

Name four types of Atmospheric Stability?

A
  • Absolute Stability.
  • Absolute Instability.
  • Conditional Stability.
  • Neutral Stability.
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19
Q

Define Absolute Stability?

A

When a displaced Parcel of Air returns to its original position.

20
Q

The Atmosphere is said to be stable whenever the ELR is ‘____’ DALR and SALR?

A

Less than.

21
Q

True or False. The Lower the ELR, the greater the level of Stability?

A

True.

22
Q

True or False. Inversions and Isotherms produce very stable Atmospheres? Why?

A

True. Because they produce low ELR.

23
Q

Whenever Warm Air sits directly on top of Cold Air the Atmosphere will be?

A

Stable.

24
Q

What type of Clouds are formed in Absolute Stability?

A

Stratiform.

25
Q

What level of Precipitation can we expect in Absolute Stability?

A

Fairly light in Intensity.

26
Q

What type of Precipitation can we expect in Absolute Stability (3)?

A
  • Drizzle.
  • Fine Rain.
  • Snow or Snow Grains.
27
Q

Why is Visibility Poor in Absolute Stability?

A

Because of trapped contaminants close to the surface.

28
Q

What type of Weather due to Poor Visibility can we expect in Absolute Stability (2)?

A
  • Haze.

- Fog or Mist.

29
Q

What type of Turbulence can we expect in Absolute Stability?

A

Nil/Light Turbulence.

30
Q

Define Absolute Instability?

A

When a displaced Parcel of Air continues in the direction of displacement.

31
Q

The Atmosphere is said to be unstable whenever the ELR is ‘____’ DALR and SALR?

A

Greater than.

32
Q

True or False. The Lower the ELR, the greater the level of Instability?

A

False. Greater the ELR.

33
Q

When are high ELR’s typically found?

A

Over land masses in the summer.

34
Q

Whenever Cold Air sits directly on top of Warm Air the Atmosphere will be?

A

Unstable.

35
Q

What type of Clouds are formed in Absolute Instability?

A

Cumuliform.

36
Q

What level of Precipitation can we expect in Absolute Instability?

A

Reasonably Intense.

37
Q

What type of Precipitation can we expect in Absolute Instability?

A

Short Intense Showers.

38
Q

Why can Visibility be both Good and Poor in Absolute Instability (2)?

A
  • Good = Because contaminants are drawn upwards.

- Poor = Due to intense Showers.

39
Q

What type of Turbulence can we expect in Absolute Instability?

A

Moderate/Severe Turbulence.

40
Q

True or False. Absolute Stability and Instability happens regardless of the Parcel of Air being Dry or Saturated?

A

True.

41
Q

During Conditional Instability Dry Air is said to be?

A

Stable.

42
Q

During Conditional Instability Saturated Air is said to be?

A

Unstable.

43
Q

The Atmosphere is said to be Conditional Instability whenever the ELR is ‘____’ DALR and SALR?

A

Between.

44
Q

True or False. Conditional Instability happens regardless of the Parcel of Air being Dry or Saturated?

A

False. It depends on whether the Air is Dry or Saturated.

45
Q

‘____’ is determined by the position of the LR line relative to the DALR and SALR?

A

Atmospheric Stability.

BFS - Meteorology (22 decks)

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