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KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC > Medical/Surgical Mgmt Of CVD > Flashcards

Medical/Surgical Mgmt Of CVD Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitor: Inhibit conversion of _____ to _____, decreases ___ retention and peripheral vaso_____ in order to ____ ____.

A

Angiotensin I, angiotensin II
Dilation
Decrease BP

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2
Q

Captopril (capotes), enalopril (vasotec), lisinopril (zestril)

A

ACE inhibitors

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3
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): blocks binder of _____ at the tissue/smooth muscle level, ____ ____.

A

Angiotensin II

Decreasing BP

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4
Q

Losartan (cozaar)

A

ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

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5
Q

Nitrates: decrease ____ through peripheral vaso____, reduce myocardial oxygen demand, reduce chest discomfort (angina); may also ____ coronary arteries, improve coronary blood flow.

A

preload
Dilation
Dilate

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrates

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7
Q

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents: reduce myocardial demand by ___ ___ and _____; control ___, chest pain; reduce ____.

A

Reducing HR and contractility
Arrhythmias
BP

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8
Q

atenolol (tenormin), metropolis (lopressor, toprol XL), propranolol (inderal)

A

Beta blockers

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9
Q

Calcium channel blockers: inhibit flow of calcium ions, ____ ____, decrease ___, dilate coronary arteries, reduce ____, control ____ and chest pain.

A

Decrease HR
Contractility
BP
Arrhythmias

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10
Q

diltiazem (cardizem, procardia), amlopidine (norvasc)

A

CCB

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11
Q

Antiarrhythmics: alter ___, restore normal heart __, control arrhythmias, improve ____

A

Conductivity
Rhythm
CO

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12
Q

Digitalis: increases contractility and decreases ____. Mainstay in treatment of ____

A

HR

CHF

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13
Q

Diuretics: decrease ___ ___ by reducing preload/afterload. Control ____.

A

Myocardial work

HTN

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14
Q

Furosemide (lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (esidrix)

A

Diuretics

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15
Q

Aspirin: decrease ____ aggregation, may prevent ____

A

Platelet

MI

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16
Q

Tranquilizers: decrease ___ and ____ effects

A

Anxiety, sympathetic

17
Q

Hyperlipidemia agents: reduce ___ ___ levels when diet and weight reduction not effective

A

Serum lipid

18
Q

Cholestyramine (questran), colestipol (colestid), simvastatin (zocor), lovastatin (mevacor)

A

Hypolipidemic agents

19
Q

ACUTE MI: activity can be increased once acute MI has stopped (peak in ___ ___ ___). Activity should be limited to ___ METs or ___% of age predicted HRmax for ___ weeks following MI.

A

Cardiac troponin levels
5
70%
4-6

20
Q

ACUTE HF: oxygen demand should not be increased in pts in acute or ___ heart failure. Once they have been medically managed and no longer display signs of acute __, activity level can be __ ___ while monitoring ___ ___ to activity.

A

Decompensated
Decompensation
Gradually increased
Hemodynamics response

21
Q

Thrombolytic therapy:
Administered for what?
Meds activate body’s ___ system, dissolve ___ and restore ___blood flow

A

Acute MI
Fibrinolytic
Clot
Coronary

22
Q

Ventricular assist device (VAD) is implanted device that improves tissue perfusion and maintains cardiogenic circulation. Used for patients with what?

A

Cardiogenic shock unresponsive to meds

Severe ventricular dysfunction

23
Q

Surgical circumvention of obstruction in coronary artery using anastomosing graft (saphenous vein, internal mammary artery); multiple graft may be necessary; result sin improved coronary blood flow, L vent function, anginal relief

A

CABG

24
Q

Who receives a heart transplant?

A

End-stage myocardial disease (ex: cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease)

25
Q

What is a heteroptic transplant?

A

Leaving natural heart and piggybacking donor heart

26
Q

What is an orthotopic transplant?

A

Removing diseased heart and replacing with donor heart

27
Q

Intravascular stents: endoprosthesis implanted postangioplasty to prevent restenosis and occlusion in ___ or ___ arteries. Often coated in medication to prevent ___.

A

Coronary, peripheral

Thrombosis

28
Q

Under fluoroscopy, surgical dilation of blood vessel using small balloon-tipped catheter inflated inside lumen; relieves obstructed blood flow in acute angina or acute MI; results in improved coronary blood flow, improved L vent function, anginal relief

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

KN JD NPTE: CARDIAC (21 decks)

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