Interactionism and Labelling

Question 1

Becker

Answer 1

Social groups create deviance by creating rules and labels that make something deviant.

Creation of new laws has 2 effects:

• creates a new group of deviant ppl
• creates a control agency to reinforce it

Question 2

Moral Entrepreneurs

Answer 2

People who lead a ‘moral crusade’ to try to change a law or policy

Basically bunch of nonces that

Question 3

Is Cohen a Subculturalist or a strain theoriest

Answer 3

Subculturalist

Question 4

Pillivan and Briar

Answer 4

Police arresting youths was based on their appearance, from which they made judgements of character, decisions were also influenced by race and gender etc.

Question 5

Cicourel

Answer 5

Negotiation of Justice -

Officers typifications led them to concentrate certain groups, this caused a class bias. This meant a crackdown on w/c which then reinforced sterotypes.

Due to typifications m/c are less likely to be punished because they don’t meet sterotypes and their m/c status means they can negotiate themselves.

Because of typifications and class, justice and punishment is up for negotiation

Question 6

Cicourels implications on statistics

Answer 6

shows that biased creates a false picture of crime as reports certain groups too much

Question 7

Dark figure of crime

Answer 7

number between stats and real rate of crime

Question 8

Alternative statistics

Answer 8

Victim surveys and self report studies

C - people exaggerate or conceal crimes/victims

Question 9

Lemert

Answer 9

Primary and Secondary Deviance -
P - Deviance not labelled, e.g. dodging fares
S - Being caught and publicly labelled, gives a master status

Question 10

Young

Answer 10

Weed in nottinghill, police crack down on users and label them, they then find more and more users because they are cracking down, casues a moral panic and also a deviant career as users get a master status, must now turn to drugs for money and their criminal career.

Question 11

Downes and Rock

Answer 11

We can never say if someone will have a deviant career because of a label as people all have free will.

Question 12

Deviance Amplification Spiral

Answer 12

Seen in Young’s study of drug use in nottinghill.

Question 13

Cohens - Mods and rockers

Answer 13

Press exaggerated mods and rockers, casued moral panic and a call for a crackdown, then crackdown find more and more ‘deviance’ cos you uncover it.

As you find more and more people get scared and call for more crackdown, causing a deviance amplification spiral.

Treating them like this marginalises them further and makes them more deviant

Question 14

Lemert concludes…

Answer 14

Social control causes deviance

Question 15

Triplett

Answer 15

CJS has relabelled status offences as crimes, e.g. truancy.

As predicted by Lemert, this causes an increase in deviance.

Question 16

Braithwaite

Answer 16

2 types of shaming:

• Disintergrative (label and shame man)
• Reintergrative (Shame the crime not the man, rejoins society)

Reintergrative shaming is good as it lowers crime as people don’t have a master status and therefore don’t have to turn to more crime

Question 17

Douglas - Meaning of suicide

Answer 17

Suicide depends on the negotiations between people.

if relatives don’t want it labelled as suicide or coroner thinks its a sin, they will call it something else.

Question 18

Atkinson - Coroners Commonsense Knowledge

Answer 18

We only have opinions of the world nothing is fact.

Focuses on the ‘taken for granted’ assumptions coroners make when they reach a verdict.

Coroners idea of a ‘typical suicide’ is important.

Question 19

Counter Atkinson

Answer 19

If everything is opinion, we have no reason to believe he is correct.

YOU’RE TALKING BOLLOX

Question 20

Rosenhan

Answer 20

Researchers said they heard voices and were then diagnosed as Schirzophrenic, once admitted to an Asylum, they acted normally.

Depsite acting normal, they were still labelled as mental, this shows that master status overrules

Question 21

Goffman

Answer 21

In Asylums, people are stripped of their identity and institutionalised, some people accept this and some resist.

Question 22

Braiginski Et Al

Answer 22

Inmates of asylum seekers manipulated their symptoms to be seen as ‘too ill to leave’ but ‘not ill enough to be confined, this gives them free access around the hospital.

Question 23

Evaluation of labelling theory

Answer 23

• ignores white collar crime
• ignores crime committed for no reason
• ignores effects on victims
• assums people cant refrute their label