Week 3 (Ch. 3)

Question 1

What is independent self-concept?

Answer 1

• encouraged in individualistc cultures

* Feel unique and autonomous

Question 2

What is interdependent self concept?

Answer 2

• encouraged in collectivism cultures

Feel connected with others

Question 3

describe Independent self concept

Answer 3

Default in Canada/USA, etc/

Attributes of self are separated from context (Friends + family)

• Relations SEPARATE from identity

Question 4

describe interdependent self concept

Answer 4

Default in East Asia

• Characteristics of self depend on relational context
• relations PART of identity

Question 5

Independent self vs interdependent self should be seen as A

Answer 5

Continuum VS. two distinct concepts

Question 6

What are the two ways of thinking?

Answer 6

Analytic + Holistic

Question 7

What is analytic thinking

Answer 7

Focus is on the properties of objects without consideration of the surrounding context.

Used to explain: attributes

Question 8

What is holistic thinking

Answer 8

focus on overall context, the way in which things relate

Used to explain: relational info, context

Question 9

Within-culture variation is MUCH greater than…

Answer 9

between culture variation!

** Acculturation is also important to note

Question 10

Summary of Morriss & Peng: Beserk Grad student

Answer 10

Chinese newspaper emphasizes situation over traits

English newspaper emphasizes traits over situation

Question 11

Culture also shapes the desire to be..

Answer 11

unique

“think outside the box. vs the nail that stands out is pounded down.

Question 12

In relation to social cognition, What are the two ways of thinking?

Answer 12

1. Automatic

2. Controlled

Question 13

What are the components of automatic thinking?

Answer 13

NONCONSCIOUS
UNINTENTIONAL
EFFORTLESS
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- Schemas 
used as helpful guides
- allow us to predict outcomes 
- heuristics  (mental shortcuts)

Question 14

What are the components of controlled thinking?

Answer 14

counterfactual thinking

- Thought suppression

Question 15

What are schemas?

Answer 15

Mental structures people use to organize info from the social world around them.

• serve as a helpful guide
• shape what we see, remember, and how we behave

ex. schema for doing laundry

Question 16

What are heuristics?

Answer 16

Mental shortcuts

• availability
• representativeness
• Anchoring and adjustment

Question 17

What are stereotypes?

Answer 17

schemas applied to groups

- Generalizations of how members think or act.

Question 18

Memory is _________.

Answer 18

reconstructive

Question 19

What is self-fulling prophecy in relation to schemas?

Answer 19

When our expectations about someone influence the way we treat them, and the way we treat them leads that person to act in the way we expected.

Question 20

How do we select schemas?

Answer 20

TWO WAYS:
Why is the baby crying?

1. Long term familiar reminders
   ex. family history of temper tantrums
2. Recent exposure (priming)
   ex. watching documentary on child abuse.

RONALD EXAMPLE

Question 21

Schema durability

Answer 21

Schemas stick in our heads.. even when proven wrong

Question 22

What are heuristics?

Answer 22

mental shortcuts people use to make judgements quickly and efficiently

• availability
• representative
• anchoring and adjustment

Question 23

What is availability heuristic?

Answer 23

making judgements based on how easily something comes to mind

** When we assume easy recall –> we think its more common

Question 24

What is representativeness heuristic?

Answer 24

a mental shortcut where we classify something by how similar it sounds to a typical case.

Question 25

What is anchoring and adjustment in relation to heuristics?

Answer 25

a mental shortcut where we start with a figure in mind and adjust (up or down) from this point, often failing to adjust as much as needed.