Reviewer Pearls

Question 1

Monogenic Cardiac disorders

Answer 1

HOCM, Marfans, prolonged QT

Question 2

Cardiac disorder not diagnosed by PE alone

Answer 2

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 3

Most common type of murmur

Answer 3

Mid-systolic soft murmur grade II

Question 4

2decho is required in what settings?

Answer 4

Loud systolic murmurs - >/= to grade III, holosystolic, late systolic, diastolic, continous murmurs

Question 5

Osler-weber-rendu syndrome

Carney’s syndrome

Answer 5

OWR - telangictasia in mucosal areas lip, tongue, muc mem

Carney - atrial myxomas

Question 6

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 6

> 10 mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration

Question 7

Aortic Stenosis findings

Answer 7

Anacrotic pulse - slow, notched, interrupted upstroke
Bifid pulse
Pulsus bigeminus
Pulsus alternans
Corrigans pulse

Question 8

> 10 mmHg difference in BP between upper ext

Answer 8

Aortic disection
Supraclav aortic stenosis
Coarctation
Atherosclerosis
Inflam subclav art ds

Question 9

Reversed split S1

Wide split S2

Fixed split S2

Answer 9

Rev split s1 - LBBB, HOCM, severe AS, AMI
Wide split S2 - RBBB
Fixed split S2 - ASD

Question 10

Inspiration causes increased intensity of what heart sounds?

Answer 10

All right sided murmurs except pulmonic ejection sound

Question 11

Hyperkalemia ECG changes

Answer 11

Narrowing and peaking of T waves -> decrease in p wave amplitude -> increased QRS interval -> sine- wave pattern -> asystole

Question 12

Prolonged QT is usually associated with what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 12

Hypokalemia

Question 13

Delayed after depolarizations (DAD) are usually associated with?

Answer 13

Reperfusion VT, Digitalis toxicity