Chapter C2 The Periodic Table

Question 1

What did John Dalton strange the periodic table by?

Answer 1

Atomic weight

Question 2

What does the group number tell you?

Answer 2

The number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

Question 3

What did newlands recognise?

Answer 3

The properties of every eighth element were similar

Question 4

What did Mendeleev do?

Answer 4

First correct periodic table, arranged by atomic weight and with regularly occurring patterns, with spaces

Question 5

What is the difference between metals and non mental?

Answer 5

Metals conduct electricity, and are ductile and malleable

Non metals are insulators and are brittle

Question 6

What are the noble gases?

Answer 6

Elements with a stable electronic structure of eight electrons in their outermost shell

Question 7

What is the exception to the noble gases?

Answer 7

Helium

Question 8

What happens to the boiling point as you go down the noble gases?

Answer 8

It gets higher

Question 9

What is a group?

Answer 9

A vertical column in the periodic table

Question 10

What is a period?

Answer 10

A horizontal row of the periodic table

Question 11

What group is known as the alkali metals?

Answer 11

Group one

Question 12

What group is known as the noble gases?

Answer 12

Group eight

Question 13

Name properties of group one

Answer 13

Very reactive (have to be stored in oil) as there is only one electron
Reactivity increases as you go down the group
Have a low density compared to other metals
Very soft
Silvery, shiny surface - this fills quickly as a layer of oxide forms
Form a metal ion with a +1 charge

Question 14

What is the melting and boiling points like for group 1?

Answer 14

Relatively low temperatures for metals

As you go down the group it gets lower

Question 15

What happens if you react group one with water?

Answer 15

Fizzes to form hydrogen gas

Question 16

What happens if you put potassium in water?

Answer 16

Ignites- burns with a lilac flame

Question 17

Why are group one called the alkali metals?

Answer 17

When reacting with water, they form a hydroxide

This hydroxide is soluble in water, and turns purple if it’s ph is tested

Question 18

How do alkali metals react with non metals?

Answer 18

React vigorously- producing metal chlorides which are white solids

Question 19

What happens when you put a metal chloride formed from group one and a non metal in water?

Answer 19

It dissolves to form a colourless solution

Question 20

What is group seven known as?

Answer 20

The halogens

Question 21

What are properties of group seven?

Answer 21

Low boiling and melting points which increase as you go down
Poor conductors of heat or electricity
Get less reactive as you go down the group

Question 22

What charge do the group seven elements form?

Answer 22

-1

Question 23

What charge do the group one elements form?

Answer 23

+1

Question 24

What is the rule with halogens?

Answer 24

The more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive halogen from solutions of its salts

Question 25

What displaces all other halogens?

Answer 25

Fluorine

Question 26

What effects does the number of shells occupied by electrons have?

Answer 26

Larger atom lose electrons more easily going down a group

Or

Larger atoms lose electrons less easily going down a group

Question 27

Why does more electron shells affect the atom?

Answer 27

The outer electrons are further away from the positively charged nucleus
The inner shells screen or shield the nucleus

Question 28

Why is the reactivity trend as it is in group one?

Answer 28

The outer electron is shielded from the nucleus by the other shells
The outer electron is further away from the nucleus

Therefore the outer electron is more easily removed as you go down the group and so gets more reactive

Question 29

What are the properties of the transition metals?

Answer 29

Good conductors 
Hard and strong 
High densities 
High melting points 
Shiny 
Conducts

Question 30

Can the transition elements be used as catalysts?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What is different about the transition metals to other groups?

Answer 31

Can create ions with different charges

Question 32

What kind of compounds do transition elements form?

Answer 32

Coloured compounds

Question 33

Name examples of coloured compounds

Answer 33

Iron oxide- red
Manganese chloride- pink
Chromium chloride- purple

Question 34

Uses of transition metals

Answer 34

Jewellery
Wires
Saucepans

Question 35

Colours of transition metals

Answer 35

Copper- blue
Iron 2- light green
Iron 3- orange brown
Cobalt- blue