EoY's Revision - Y8 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What was Mary’s nickname
Bloody Mary
What did Mary do to bring back Catholicism
The Latin Mass and Bibles were brought back into use
The country re-united with Rome in 1554
Mary married Prince Philip of Spain (a keen catholic), meaning Elizabeth, her younger step-sister didn’t like him much at all.
She then burned any protestants to death.
Who was Mary’s sister
Elizabeth who became Queen after her death
How did Elizabeth try to resolve religious tensions around England?
She made a Middle Way. This allowed Catholics and Puritans to privately keep their religion, but keep the CoE their public religion. People had to attend CoE services, and those who didn’t were called recusants
What was Elizabeth’s Biggest Achievement?
The Spanish Armada (1588)
The Spanish Armada consisted of (so many Spanish Ships and Troops) and when did it start
Started in 1588, and for the Spanish, Consisted of:
130 Ships
8,000 sailors
18,000 soldiers
1,500 brass guns and 1,000 iron guns
and an extra 30,000 troops were to be picked up from the coast of The Netherlands
What did the British Have and the Spanish had not
We had experience people who fought at sea, they only had experienced sailors and sailed in a tight formation
How did the English attack the Spanish and how did it all end
In 158, Nearer England, We sacrifices 8 Ships and set them on fire, and pushing them towards the Spanish ships sending them into disarray. They then went up close and fired their cannons as much as possible. The Spanish later sailed round England, whilst in pursuit and eventually surrendered.
What were the main problems that had started the English Civil War
James and Charles ignoring believing in the Divine Right of Kings and setting taxes that annoyed the English People.
This was then backed up by the time that Charles requested for money to fight a war with Scotland and was given the Grand Remonstrance (a list of 204 Complaints), but in return was granted the money.
But it was when Charles then attempted to arrest 5MP’s after they ordered the Earl of Stratford to be executed.
They also neglected Parliament and angered them. But it was when Charles then attempted to arrest 5MP’s after they ordered the Earl of Stratford to be executed was when the Civil War Broke Out. Parliament fled to London, while Charles went North to Summon an Army. The Civil war started in 1642.
What helped the Parliamentarians win the Civil War
The New Model Army, made in 1645, of which was the creation of Oliver Cromwell made. It was England first Truly Professional Army and was run in a very strict manner. If any of the rules were broken, there would be harsh consequences. This all paid off and inspired them to Victory.
How did the Slave Trade Start off
The Slave trade started off by Portuguese and Spanish Slave traders sailing the West Africa and taking the fellow West Africans living there as slaves and sold them on to their colonies in the Americas in the late 16th and 17 centuries. Once England had Conquered Barbados (1625) and Jamaica (1655). The Slave Trade had really started. Later, the Triangular Trade was made.
How did the Triangular Trade work
When the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) with Spain was passed, this meant that England could trade up to 144,000 Slaves per year with the Spanish.
Then, The Triangular Trade was Formed. It went something like the following:
A British Slave Ship set off from
Liverpool, Glasgow or Bristol, carrying
trade goods and sailed to West Africa.
The Slave Ship then sailed across the
Atlantic to the West Indies- this stage
of the journey was called the ‘Middle
Passage’.
Some ships then loaded up with sugar
and rum to sell in Britain and were
sailed back home.
People made extreme amounts of money from the slave trade as a result of all of this.
The Industrial Revolution Triggered:
- A 260% growth in population
- A change in agriculture and industry
- A move from domestic industry (humans making the products) to factory work
- A move from water and wind power to steam engines
- A Revolution in transport and communications, from canals and pack horse to railways and the telegraph
Why was everyone moving to the cites
People were moving to the cities because they needed money and work. Jobs at a factory were well paid at the time, but the conditions and periods of working hours there were horrendous. This meant that everyone moved to the cities so they could live nearer to their place of work
How did Education improve
Education improved as it was originally only the rich that could afford schooling, but the Factory Act (1833) was enforced so young children working at factories would learn for at least 2 hours per day. In 1868, the public schools were reformed and primary education was made free by 1870. However you had to pay for secondary schools and Universities.
However, some Historians doubt the impact of the Industrial Revolution and Claim:
The rate of economical growth from 1780-1830 was slower than people think, there was significant industrialisation in England before 1780
Some sectors of economy grew, other didn’t as much
Most of England in 1851 was little different
than it was in 1751.
Overall, historians think that England grew gradually and unevenly between
the years of 1780-1830 and the Industrial Revolution had a longer term impact, rather than the instant one as some may think.
What affect did it have on transport
This had a massive affect on transport, but most of all, railways. Railways improved in the following ways during and after the Industrial Revolution:
The 1840 Railway Regulation Act improved conditions in third-class. In 1883, cheaper train tickets were made.
In 1880 is was clearly that the country needed a national standardised time
The growth of the shipping Industry allowed huge growth in worldwide trading.
By 1902, the whole British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables called ‘All Red Line’
Public Health Definition
The actual Definition of Public Health was actually the the well-being of a normal man, woman and child.
What was the average age a working man would usually die at in the Early-Mid 19th Century
The age 30 in most towns, but in Liverpool this was halved to just 15
What was making Public Health worse
The main reason was the fact that everyone was moving to the cities in search of a well paid job in a factory. This meant people would’ve lived in cramped spaces and houses were built very close together, whilst people living there would share a communal toilet. This meant the spread of illness and disease was very high.
What were the Main Killer Diseases
The main killer diseases were Smallpox, Typhoids, Tuberculosis and Cholera
What was done in the short term to investigate the spread of Disease
The Boards of Health were set up in each town to investigate to spread of disease and to basically try and keep as many people alive as possible. When the number of deaths had decreased, all of the problems (overcrowding, unhygienic ways e.c.t) had stayed.
What Started to Change (Edwin Chadwick)
As Cholera continued to kill the Government set up an enquiry into how the living conditions were really like in Britain. After he had collected all of his information, he published a report and gave them out to politicians, journalists, writers and free copies to the British Citizens. After this, the government had taken action and made the first Public Health Act (1848)
What did Chadwick’s Report Say
It was made in 1842 said the following:
Disease is caused by bad air and these diseases are common all over the country.
A medical officer should be appointed to take charge in each district
People cannot develop clean habits until they have clean water
The poor conditions produce a population that doesn’t live long, is always short of money, (and) is brutal and rough.
We must improve drainage, remove rubbish from houses, streets and roads, and improve the water supply
We must improve sewers and drains so rubbish is flushed clean away, rather than left to rot even more.
The poor cost us too much; the rich pay to feed and clothe orphans. Money would be saved if fewer parents died of disease. A healthier workforce would work harder too.
More people are killed by filth and bad ventilation each year than (are) killed by wars.
The bad air is caused by rotting animals and vegetables, by damp and filth, and by stuffy, overcrowded houses. When these things are improved, the death rate goes down.
