B4 blood, heart, breathing and plant transport Flashcards

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1
Q

blood plasma

A

a yellow liquid, which transports dissolved substances around the body

e.g. carbon dioxide (waste), urea (waste), glucose, antibodies etc.

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2
Q

How is oxygen carried around the body

A

Oxygen binds to haemoglobin (on red blood cells) forming

oxyhaemoglobin which is carried to all cells for respiration.

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3
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

To fight disease.

There are two types of white blood cells.

i) Phagocytes – engulf pathogens and digest them
ii) Lymphocytes – produce antibodies which attach the pathogen and destroy it.

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4
Q

Treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

Drugs- statins
Mechanical devices- artificial pacemaker, stents, artificial valves
Heart transplant

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5
Q

the adaptations of the alveoli in the lungs for efficient gas exchange

A

Structure: alveoli have a very large surface area
Function: this provides maximum diffusion of gases

Structure: each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries near the surface
Function: to maintain a steep concentration gradient, this means a faster rate of diffusion.

Structure: the alveoli have thin moist walls
Function: this provides a short (& quicker) diffusion pathway for gases

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6
Q

transpiration

A

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour (by evaporation) from the surface of the leaf.

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7
Q

Light intensity

A

Transpiration increases in bright light

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8
Q

Temperature

A

Transpiration is faster in higher temperature because the molecules have more energy

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9
Q

Air movement

A

Transpiration is faster in windy conditions

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10
Q

Humidity

A

Transpiration is slower in humid conditions

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15
Q

translocation

A

the movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves (where they are made) to the rest of the plant.

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16
Q

Phloem

A

Specialised transport tissue that carries the foodmmade by photosynthesis around the plant

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17
Q

stomata

A

They are tiny pores on the surfaces of leaves, which can open or close.

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20
Q

Xylem

A

a plant tissue which transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves.

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21
Q

Red blood cells

A

Pick up,oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to cells

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