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Pathology > Immunotherapies > Flashcards

Immunotherapies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mode of action of prednisolone

A

Inhibits phospholipase A2

And so inhibits arachidonic acid

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2
Q

Describe the cellular effects of prednisolone

A

Reduces prostaglandin synthesis
Inhibits phagocyte trafficking and phagocytosis
Inhibits release of proteolytic enzymes
Causes lymphopenia by promoting apoptosis
Blocks cytokines gene expression
Decreases Antibody production

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3
Q

Name same side effects of corticosteroids

A 
Transient neutrophils
Diabetes
Adrenal suppression
Cataracts
(Cushing’s Syndrome)
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4
Q

How do you anti-proliferative agents work?

A

They are cytotoxic agents which inhibit DNA synthesis mostly in cells with rapid turnover

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5
Q

Give 4 examples of anti-proliferative agents

A

Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Azathioprine
Methotrexate

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6
Q

How does Cyclophosphamide work?

A

Alkylate guanine base of DNA

This damages the DNA preventing cell replication

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7
Q

What are the indications for cyclophosphamide?

A

Connective tissue disease
Vasculitis
Anti-cancer agent

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8
Q

Which anti-proliferative agent inhibits IMPDH necessary for guanine synthesis?

A

Mychophenolate Mofetil

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9
Q

What are the side effects of Anti-proliferative agents?

A

Bone marrow suppression, infections, malignancy, teratogenicity

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of azathioprine?

A

Antimetabolite metabolised by the liver to 6mercaptopurine

This blocks purine synthesis preventing DNA replication

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11
Q

Which 2 anti-proliferative agents are hepatotoxic?

A

Azathioprine and Methotrexate

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12
Q

What side effects are specific to Cyclophosphamide?

A

Hair loss
Sterility
Haemorrhagic cystitis

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13
Q

What are the indications for mycophenolate Mofetil?

A

Transplant
Auto-immune disease
Vasculitis

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14
Q

What are the indications for azathioprine?

A

Transplant
Auto-immune
Auto-inflammatory

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

Which anti-proliferative agent has side effects of pneumonitis/pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Methotrexate

Also folate deficiency! Megaloblastic anaemia

17
Q

Which anti-proliferative agents affects B cells more than T cells?

A

Cyclophosphamide

Pathology (4 decks)

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