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MD2001 Week 4 > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What does both repair and organisation and chronic inflammation lead to?

A

Fibrosis

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2
Q

What factors favour resolution?

A

Minimal cell death and tissue damage

Occurrence in an organ or tissue with regenerative capacity

Rapid destruction of casual agent

Rapid removal of fluid and debris by good local vascular damage

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3
Q

What is organisation?

A

Replacement of destroyed tissue by granulation tissue

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4
Q

What factors favour organisation?

A

Large amounts of fibrin

Substantial necrosis

Exudate and debris cannot be removed or discharges

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5
Q

What are classic signs of the body moving into chronic inflammation?

A

Development of capillary loops and macrophages

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6
Q

What is redness caused by in a burn?

A

Outgrowth of capillaries

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7
Q

What is the inflammatory exudate replaced with when moving into organisation?

A

Capillaries

Macrophages

Fibroblasts

Collagen

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8
Q

What regulates organisation?

A

TNF

Epidermal Growth Factor

FGF

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9
Q

What is a primary chronic inflammation?

A

A chronic response that did not develop from an acute inflammatory reponse

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10
Q

How can chronic inflammation develop?

A

Primary

Progression from acute inflammation

Recurrent episodes of acute inflammation

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11
Q

What are the 6 origins of primary chronic inflammation?

A

Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing

Foreign body reactions to endogenous materials

Foreign body reactions to exogenous materials

Autoimmune diseases

Unknown aetiology

Primary granulomatous diseases

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12
Q

Example of a disease that has resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing

A

TB

Leprosy

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13
Q

Example of a disease that is caused by a foreign body reaction’s to endogenous materials

A

Chronic tophaceous gout

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14
Q

Example of a disease that is caused by a foreign body reaction’s to exogenous materials

A

Asbestos

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15
Q

Example of chronic inflammatory disease caused by an autoimmune reaction

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

Example of primary chronic inflammation with an unknown aetiology

A

Ulcerative colitis

17
Q

Example of chronic inflammation caused by primary granulomatous disease

A

Sarcoidosis

18
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

The build up inflammatory cells indicating a chronic response

19
Q

What factors favour progression from acute to chronic inflammation?

A

Indigestible substances

Deep seated suppurative inflammation where drainage is delayed or inadequate

20
Q

What causes suppurative inflammation to develop into chronic inflammation?

A

The thick abscess wall

Fibrous/ granulation tissue beginning to form

Pus becoming organised

Formation of fibrous scar

21
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Chronic abscess which is extremely difficult to eradicate

22
Q

What is an example of a disease caused by recurrent episodes of acute inflammation?

A

Chronic cholecystitis

23
Q

What is chronic cholecystitis?

A

Replacement of wall by fibrous tissue

24
Q

What does chronic ulcer look like?

A

Mucosa breached

Base lined by granulation tissue

Fibrous tissue throughout muscle layers

25
Q

What does chronic inflammation look like?

A

Chronic ulcer

Chronic abscess

Thickening of the all of a hollow viscus

Granulomatous inflammation

Fibrosis

26
Q

What immune cells are common in chronic inflammation?

A

Plasma cell

Lymphocyte

Macrophage

Multinucleate giant cell

27
Q

How do macrophages act as the immune cells?

A

Phagocytic

Produce a range of important cytokines

28
Q

What is macrophage migration activated by?

A

Macrophage activation factor (MAF)

Migration inhibition factor (MIF)

29
Q

How can pathogens counteract macrophages?

A

Be phagocytosed but adapt the internal environment so the pathogen can survive

30
Q

What are macrophages released into the blood as?

A

Monocytes

31
Q

What are macrophages called in the liver?

A

Kuppler cells

32
Q

What are the causes of granulomatous disease?

A

Specific infections

Foreign bodies

Specific chemicals

Drugs

Unknown

33
Q

What can granulomatous inflammation cause?

A

Caseous necrosis

Giant cells

34
Q

What is granuloma?

A

Aggregrate of macrophage like cells

35
Q

What is granulation?

A

Important healing process with small blood vessels and connective tissue

36
Q

What is fibrin?

A

Deposited in acute inflammation

37
Q

What is fibrous?

A

Typical scar tissue with collagen

MD2001 Week 4 (10 decks)

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