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biology flashcards mocks 6:19 > B1 - Cell Level Systems > Flashcards

B1 - Cell Level Systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Name the 5 components of an animal cell:

A
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
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2
Q

Name the 8 components of a plant cell:

A
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell Wall
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
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3
Q

What is the purpose of ribosomes?

A

Protein Synthesis.

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4
Q

What is the characteristic of a cell membrane?

A

It is partially permeable.

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5
Q

The mitochondria is known as…

A

The site of aerobic respiration.

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6
Q

What is a cell wall made of in a Plant Cell?

A

Cellulose. A polymer made up of glucose.

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7
Q

What are chloroplasts known as?

A

The site of photosynthesis.

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8
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic.

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9
Q

What organisms are made up of Eukaryotic Cells?

A

Plants, Animals, Fungi…

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10
Q

How big are Eukaryotic cells?

A

10 - 100 micrometers.

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11
Q

What organism is a Prokaryotic Cell?

A

Bacteria.

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12
Q

How big are prokaryotic cells?

A

0.1 - 5.0 micrometers.

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13
Q

Name the 8 components of a Prokaryotic Cell.

A
  • Loop of DNA.
  • Cell Membrane
  • Capsule (Slimy Layer)
  • Cell Wall (Made of Pepti-dog-lycan.)
  • Cytoplasm.
  • Flagella (Or Flagellum.)
  • Ribosomes
  • Plasmids (extra genes that are an advantage.)
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14
Q

What is the definition of a Prokaryotic Cell?

A

An Organism which contains no membrane organelles.

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15
Q

Similarities between PKs and EKs.

A
  • Both have Ribosomes.
  • Both have Cytoplasm.
  • Both have cell membrane.
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16
Q

Differences between PKs and EKs.

A
  • EKs have strands of DNA, but PKs have a loop of DNA.
  • EKs have membrane bound organelles but PKs don’t.
  • PKs have plasmids but EKs don’t.
17
Q

Advantages of an Electron Microscope:

A
  • Higher Magnification

- Higher Resolution

18
Q

Disadvantages of an Electron Microscope. (Get three at least.)

A
  • Black and White
  • Dead cells because of the vacuum required.
  • Expensive.
  • Needs highly trained staff.
  • Dangerous (Beta radiation and high voltage.)
  • Not portable.
19
Q

Advantages of a Light Microscope: (Get three at least.)

A
  • Colored Image
  • Living cells (because you don’t need a vacuum.)
  • Cheap
  • Anyone can use it.
  • Little to no electricity is required.
  • No radiation.
  • Portable.
20
Q

Disadvantages of a Light Microscope:

A
  • Low Magnification

- Low Resolution

21
Q

Formula for finding out the size of an Image:

A

Image Size = Object Size x Magnification

22
Q

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

A

1500x

23
Q

What is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?

A

About 30,000x…

24
Q

What is the order of the cell cycle?

A
  1. G1 Phase (Growth of Organelles, Double all Organelles (except nucleus).
  2. S - Phase (Synthesis of DNA - DNA replication.)
  3. G2 Phase (MOAR GROWTH!!!!)
  4. Mitosis (Cell Division)
25
Q

In order, state the events that take place in mitosis.

A
  1. Start with one cell.
  2. DNA replicated (S - Phase)
  3. The nucleus’ outer layer dissolves.
  4. Chromosomes line up at the equator.
  5. Spindle fibers attach from poles to center of the chromosomes (Metaphase)
  6. Chromosomes get pulled apart, 1 copy to each pole (Anaphase)
  7. Nuclei Reform in the 2 halves of the cell.
  8. Cell splits into 2. (Telophase)
26
Q

What is DNA a polymer of?

A

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.

27
Q

What are the three things that a nucleotide is made of?

A
  1. One Phosphate “Backbone.”
  2. One Deoxyribose sugar.
  3. One Base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine).
28
Q

How do you test for DNA?

A
  1. Grind Leak into a small pulp with salt.
  2. Add water and mix well.
  3. Add a small volume of pineapple juice and mix well.
  4. Add a “good squirt” of washing up liquid.
  5. Pour the liquid into a test tube and heat at 60˚C for 10 minutes.
  6. Then, cool on ice.
  7. Add chilled alcohol.
  8. DNA will precipitate (immobilized bubbles)
  9. Hook up the mucus (DNA) using a metal loop.
29
Q

What are the two processes called for creating proteins?

A
  1. Transcription.

2. Translation.

30
Q

What are the steps for Transcription?

A
  1. Double-stranded DNA unwinds at the part where the gene is required.
  2. Free nucleotides bind to exposed bases.
  3. T (Thiamine) is replaced by U in RNA.
  4. RNA polymerase joins the new nucleotide backbone together.
  5. mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes.
31
Q

What are the steps for Translation?

A
  1. Amino acids are delivered by carrier molecules to add to the forming protein chain.
  2. tRNA (folded shroud of RNA) binds to three mRNA bases.
  3. tRNA releases its three amino acids (codon.)
32
Q

What are the 4 types of mutation?

A
  • Silent (When a base is replaced, but doesn’t affect the Gene sequence)
  • Substitution (When a base is replaced and affects the Gene.)
  • Deletion (When a base isn’t present.)
  • Addition (When a base is added.)

biology flashcards mocks 6:19 (4 decks)

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