Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

X - Cancer Care COPY > Malignant and Pre-Malignant Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Malignant and Pre-Malignant Skin Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male to female ratio of malignant melanoma?

A

M : F = 1 : 1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the UK incidence of malignant melanoma?

A

10,000 / year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many deaths from malignant melanoma are there in the UK each year?

A

2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

By how much has the incidence of malignany melanoma increased in the UK in the last 20 years?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical features of a malignant melanoma?

A 
Asymmetrical
Irregular border
Non-uniform colour
Diameter >6mm
Evolving 
Elevation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risk factors for malignant melanoma?

A 
Sunlight
Fair skinned
Increased number of common moles
Positive family history
Increasing age
Immunosuppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When in particular is sunlight a risk factor for malignant melanoma?

A

Intense exposure in early years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the classifications of malignant melanoma?

A 
Superficial spreading
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentiginous
Nodular melanoma
Amelanotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of malignant melanomas are of the superficial spreading type?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do superficial spreading melanomas appear?

A

Irregular borders with colour variations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who are superficial spreading melanomas most common in?

A

Caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the prognosis of superficial spreading melanomas?

A

Good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the prognosis of superficial spreading melanomas good?

A

Because they grow slowly and metastasise late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who does lentigo maligna melanoma present in?

A

Often elderly patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do lentigo maligna melanomas present?

A

Face or scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who do acral lentiginous melanomas present in?

A

Asians or blacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do acral lentiginous melanomas present?

A

Palms and soles

Subungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can nodular melanomas appear?

A

Any site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the history features of nodular melanomas?

A

Younger age

New lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the prognosis of nodular melanomas?

A

Poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is the prognosis of nodular melanomas poor?

A

Because they invade deeply and metastasise early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is the diagnosis of amelantoic melanomas often delayed?

A

Because they have an atypical appearance

23
Q

What can be used to predict the prognosis of melanomas?

A

Breslow depth

24
Q

What is the Breslow depth?

A

The thickness of tumour to the deepest point of dermal invasion

25
Q

What is Clark’s staging of melanomas?

A

A classification which stratifies depth by 5 anatomical levels, with level 1 being the epidermis and level 5 being subcutaneous fat

26
Q

Where do melanomas commonly metastasise too?

A

Liver

Eye

27
Q

How are melanomas managed?

A

Excision with margin, with or without lymphadenopathy and/or adjuvant chemotherapy

28
Q

What does the margin for excision depend on in melanoma?

A

The Breslow depth

29
Q

What chemotherapy option may be used in melenoma?

A

Isolated limb perfusion

30
Q

What are the poor prognostic indicators in malignant melanoma?

A

Male sex
Increased mitoses
Satellite lesions
Ulceration

31
Q

Why is male sex a poor prognostic factor for malignant melanoma?

A

They have more tumours on the trunk compared with females

32
Q

What do satellite lesions indicate in malignant melanoma?

A

Lymphatic spread

33
Q

How does a squamous cell carcinoma appear?

A

Ulcerated lesion with hard, raised, everted edges

34
Q

Where do squamous cell carcinomas appear?

A

Sun exposed areas

35
Q

What are the causes of squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Sun exposure
Chronic ulcers
Xeroderma pigmentosa

36
Q

What is it called when a squamous cell carcinoma arises in chronic ulcers?

A

Marjolin’s ulcers

37
Q

What areas are most commonly exposed to the sun?

A

Scalp
Face
Ears
Lower legs

38
Q

What steps are involved in the development of squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Solar/acitinic keratosis → Bowen’s disease → squamous cell carcinoma

39
Q

Is lymph node spread common in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

No, is rare

40
Q

How are squamous cell carcinomas managed?

A

Exicison

Radiotherapy to affected nodes

41
Q

What are actinic keratoses?

A

Irregular, crusty, warty lesions

42
Q

What is the clinical importance of acitinic keratoses?

A

They are pre-malignant

43
Q

What are the options for the management of acitinic keratoses?

A 
Cautery
Cryotherapy
5-FU
Imiquimod
Photodynamic phototherapy
44
Q

How do lesions in Bowen’s disease appear?

A

Red/brown scaly plaques

45
Q

How is Bowen’s disease managed?

A

Same as for acitinic keratoses

46
Q

What is a keratoacanthoma?

A

A well-differentiated SCC that arises in a hair follicle

47
Q

How do keratoacanthomas appear?

A

Fast-growing, dome-shaped, with a keratin plug

48
Q

How are keratoacanthomas managed?

A

They usually regress, but may be excised

49
Q

How do basal cell carcinomas appear?

A

Pearly nodule with rolled telangiectactic edge, may be ulcerated

50
Q

Where do basal cell carcinomas typically occur?

A

On the face in sun-exposed areas - above line from tragus to angle of mouth

51
Q

Why are basal cell carcinomas not that worrying?

A

Because they are a low-grade malignancy, that is locally invasive but very rarely metastasises

52
Q

How are basal cell carcinomas managed?

A

Excision

Cryo/radiotherapy may be used

53
Q

What excision technique may be used in basal cell carcinoma?

A

Mohs

this is my initials i hope it comes up lol

54
Q

What happens in Mohs surgery?

A

Complete circumferential margin assessment using frozen section histology

X - Cancer Care COPY (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions