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Geography GCSE > Geography Topic 1 > Flashcards

Geography Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

The uppermost layer of the earth. It includes the top of the mantle and the crust. It is cool and brittle.

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2
Q

What are tectonic plate?

A

The earth’s surface is broken up into large pieces.

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3
Q

What is the mantle?

A

The middle layer of the earth, between the crust and core and its 2900 km thick.

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4
Q

What is the Asthenosphere?

A

Part of the earth’s mantle. It is hot, semi-molten layer that lies beneath the tectonic plates.

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5
Q

What is the core?

A

The solid centre of the earth. However, the outer core maybe liquid not solid

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6
Q

Facts about the Inner Core

A

♡ 1220 km
♡ 6000°C
♡ Made from solid nickel and iron

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7
Q

Facts about the Outer Core

A

♡ 2200km
♡ 4400 °C
♡ Made from liquid nickel and iron

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8
Q

Facts about the Mantle

A

♡ 2900 km thick
♡ Properties of a solid but can flow very slowly
♡ 4000 °C

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9
Q

Facts about the crust

A

♡0-100 km thick
♡ made up of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
♡ thin and rocky
♡ 200°C and 400°C

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10
Q

Facts about continental crust

A

♡ Thick granite
♡ 10-50 miles (30-50km)
♡ less dense
♡ floats high on the mantle

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11
Q

Facts about oceanic crust

A 
♡ Basalt rock
♡ Very thin
♡ denser
♡ 1-3 miles (6-8km)
♡ Basalt is the same rock is in the mantle
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12
Q

What is Radioactive Decay?

A

Some elements are naturally unstable and radioactive (eg.Uranium). Atoms of these elements release particles from the nuclei and give off heat.

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13
Q

How do volcanoes from?

A
  1. Heat source from the core
  2. Convection currents also happen in the inner core
  3. Heat moves towards the surface in plumes
  4. Heated rock from the mantle rises
  5. The magma cools down and sinks back down the be reheated
  6. semi-molten rocks spread out carrying the plate
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14
Q

What is this tectonic hazards?

A

Divergent

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15
Q

What is this tectonic hazards?——>

A

Collision

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16
Q

What is this tectonic hazards?<====>(rubbing against each other)

A

Conservative

17
Q

What is this tectonic hazards?——-<==>—— (one going under the other)

A

Convergent

18
Q

What two types of crust are included in a divergent?

A
  1. Oceanic

2. Oceanic

19
Q

What two types of crust are included in a convergent?

A
  1. Oceanic

2. Continental

20
Q

What two types of crust are included in a collision?

A
  1. Continental

2. Continental

21
Q

What two types of crust are included in a conservative?

A
  1. Continental

2. Continental

22
Q

What is a hot spot volcano?

A

A place in the centre of a plate where magma rises. This causes the lithosphere to melt and magma pushes through the crust to form volcanoes.

23
Q

Magma=

A

Underground

24
Q

Lava=

A

Erupted out of volcanoes (above ground)

25
Q

Earthquake

A
  1. Movement of the tectonic plates
  2. Concentrated along fault lines (fractures in earth’s crust)
  3. Friction builds up along plate boundaries as they move against each other until finally the energy is released
  4. This energy is sent out in seismic waves
26
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point inside the crust where the pressure is released

27
Q

What are seismic waves?

A

The earthquakes’s energy being released

28
Q

What is the epicentre?

A

The point on the earth’s surface above the focus.

29
Q

What is a seismometer?

A

It measures and records seismic waves.

30
Q

Tsunami?

A
  1. Destructive/ convergent plate movement causes earthquake
  2. Sea above earthquake forced upwards
  3. Sea movement causes tsunami
  4. Seismic waves spread quickly outwards
  5. Waves crashes onto shore devastation low lying area
31
Q

What does LEDC stand for?

A

Less economically developed country

32
Q

What does MEDC stand for?

A

More economically developed country

33
Q

Dark surfaces?(land)

A

Absorbs sunlight which is converted to heat. It heats up quickly in summer= low pressure (rising air)

34
Q

Sea?

A

Takes longer to absorb heat, but also longer to cool. In summer, air over it Reaganism cooler and denser, forming areas of high pressure.

35
Q

What is the definition of atmospheric circulation?

A

The movement of air around the earth to try and balance the temperature.

Geography GCSE (3 decks)

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