7C- POPULATIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS

Question 1

DEFINTION OF HABITAT

Answer 1

THE PLACE WHERE AN ORGANISM LIVES

Question 2

Definition of population

Answer 2

All the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 3

Definition of community

Answer 3

Populations of different species in a habitat make up a community

Question 4

Definition of ecosystem

Answer 4

a community plus all the non living (abiotic) condition in the area in whihc it lives

Question 5

Definition of abiotic

Answer 5

The nonliving features of the ecosystem

Question 6

Definition of biotic conditions

Answer 6

The living features of an ecosystem

Question 7

Definition of niche

Answer 7

The role of the species within its habitat

Question 8

Definition of adaptation

Answer 8

Feature that members of the species have that increases the chance of survival and reproduction

Question 9

how many species can be in a niche

Answer 9

one

Question 10

what happens if two speceics try to occupy the same niche

Answer 10

They compete with each other until one species is more successful than the other

Question 11

what are the different types of adaptations

Answer 11

physilogical, behavioural, anatomical

Question 12

what is physilogical adaptations

Answer 12

processes inside there body

Question 13

what is behavioural adaptaion

Answer 13

the way an organism acts

Question 14

what is anatomical adaptation

Answer 14

structural feature of the body

Question 15

why are organisms with better adaptations more likely to survive

Answer 15

more likely to survive and reproduce and pass on allele for the more advantageous allele

Question 16

what is population size

Answer 16

total number of organisms of species in a habitat

Question 17

what is maximum stable population size that an ecosystem can support called

Answer 17

carrying capacity

Question 18

why does carrying capacity varrie

Answer 18

as its a result of both abiotic and biotic factors

Question 19

what happens when abiotic factors are ideal

Answer 19

organisms can grow fast and reproduce successfully

Question 20

what is interspecific competition

Answer 20

competition between different speices for the same resources

Question 21

what is intraspecific competition

Answer 21

competition within a species for the same resources

Question 22

how can interspecific competition lead to overall population reduction

Answer 22

as they compete for same resource it can lead to an overall resource decrease this means both populations limited by reduced food so have less energy for growth and reproduction therefore resulting in population decrease

Question 23

how does out competition occur

Answer 23

when one species in the competition is better adapted it will out compete the less adapted

Question 24

what is predation

Answer 24

where an organism kills and eats another organism

Question 25

what is the relationship between predator and prey

Answer 25

interlinked

Question 26

why do we take population samples

Answer 26

as too time consuming to actually measure accurately the number of individuals in a species

Question 27

why are samples bias and example

Answer 27

to avoid bias | random- divide feild into grid and use random number generator to get coordinates which are random

Question 28

what are quadrats used to measure

Answer 28

species frequency | number of individuals

Question 29

whats a transect

Answer 29

lines which can be used to measure how plants are distributed across an area

Question 30

formula for measuring abudence of a very motile speceis like fish mark release recapture

Answer 30

number of species caught in first species x number caught for 2nd sample / number marked in 2nd sample

Question 31

what are three assumption you make whilst using the mark release recapture method

Answer 31

1- marked sample has had enough time and oppertuinuty to mix back in with population 2- the marking process didnt effect the individuals chance of survival 3- there are no changes to population size during the study

Question 32

how to measure ph of landd

Answer 32

ph probe

Question 33

what happens to ph as you move inland

Answer 33

it decreases as nearer the shore there are lots of shell fragments which are made of calcium carbonate -an alkaline compund further inland more rotting vegatation which is more acidic

Question 34

why are ecosystems said to be dynamic

Answer 34

as they are constantly changing

Question 35

what is succession

Answer 35

the process in which an ecosystem changes over time

Question 36

what is primary succession

Answer 36

this happens on land that's been newly formed or expose - like volcano

Question 37

what is secondary succession

Answer 37

happens on land which has been cleared of all plants but soil remians - like when forrests cut down

Question 38

what is the pioneer speceis

Answer 38

first species to conolise area

Question 39

how does primary succession develope

Answer 39

1- abiotic conditions are hostile so only pioneer speceis can grow as they are specially adapted to these conditions 2- pioneer speceis change the abiotic conditions as they die and decompose forming basic soil 3-this makes abiotic conditions less hostile so new organisms with different adaptations can survive 4-some new species may change the new conditions to make it less suitable for the previous species

Question 40

final stage of succcession is climax community what does this mean

Answer 40

Ecosystem is supporting the largest and most complex community of plants and animals it can it won't change much more it's in a steady state

Question 41

describe a temperate climate

Answer 41

plenty of available water mild temperatures and not much change between seasons has large trees as deep soils

Question 42

describe polar climate

Answer 42

not much available water temperautures are low and massive changes between seasons large trees can grow

Question 43

what is a plagioclimax

Answer 43

when succession is stopped artificially

Question 44

two ways of managing succession in moorland

Answer 44

1- animals can graze on the land stopping stages of succession being able to establsih 2- managed fires can be lit to cause secondary succession

Question 45

what does sustainable mean

Answer 45

Enough resources are taken to meet the needs of people today without reducing the ability of people in the future to meet their own needs

Question 46

four examples of conservation techniques

Answer 46

plants conserved using seedbanks fishing quotas puts limits on the type fish u can catch protected such as national parks endangered species bred in captivity