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🤩 science > 7th Science Fall Midterm 2018-19 > Flashcards

7th Science Fall Midterm 2018-19 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

characteristics of living things

A 
energy use
cellular organization 
reproduction
growth and development
chemicals of life
response to environment
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2
Q

needs of all living things

A

water
food
homeostasis
living space

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3
Q

what type of cells have specialized cells?

A

multicellular cells

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4
Q

how did redi and pasteur disprove the idea of spontaneous generation?

A

redi:
showed that meat in a covered jar was not affected, while meat in an open jar was

pasteur:
showed that broth in an unbroken flask was not affected unlike the broken neck flask

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5
Q

what two levels make up the scientific name of an organism? which is listed first?

A

binomial nomenclature

the order is genus, species

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6
Q

what is the highest and broadest group of the levels of organization?

A

domain

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7
Q

what are the three levels that scientist group organisms into?

A

bacteria, eukaryote, archaea

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8
Q

what is the main difference of bacteria and archaea?

A

they have a different chemical makeup

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9
Q

which domain contains four of the six kingdoms?

A

eukaryote:

protists, fungi, plants, animals

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10
Q

which group of organisms contains multicellular autotrophs?

A

eukaryote:

plants

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11
Q

what are the main things an organism needs to maintain homeostasis?

A

food, water, shelter

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12
Q

what are the 2 parts of a habitat and how are they different?

A

biotic factors:
living things~ animals, plants

abiotic factors:
nonliving things~ rocks, dirt, oxygen

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13
Q

how do animals and plants affect an ecosystem?

A

they erode the earth

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14
Q

how is an ecosystem organized?

largest to smallest

A

ecosystem, community, population, organism

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15
Q

what is the purpose of light and soil in an ecosystem?

A

light:
lets plants do photosynthesis

soil:
contains water and a habitat for animals that live underground

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16
Q

what are limiting factors in an ecosystem?

A

weather conditions
space
food
water

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17
Q

what happens to the organisms that have and haven’t adapted to their environment?

A

adapted:
survive (survival of the fittest or natural selection)

not adapted:
may die or go extinct

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18
Q

what are some niches an organism might have?

A

what food it eats

how it obtains the food

who else eats it

what they need to reproduce

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19
Q

what are some ways organisms in the same habitat interact

A
  1. animals interact with plants- cows eat grass
  2. animals eat animals- eagles eat mice
  3. some owls perch on higher branches than others so they can all have space

??????????????????

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20
Q

what are things organisms might compete for?

A

food
shelter
water

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21
Q

what happens when the number of predators in a population increases? what eventually happens to them?

A

the predators will eat all the prey, and then there will b nothing left or them to eat so their population will die off and decrease

one. …
by. …
one. …

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22
Q

symbiosis:

what is mutualism?

A

both species benefit

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23
Q

symbiosis:

what is commensaism?

A

one species benefits and the other is either not helped or not harmed

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24
Q

symbiosis:

what is parasitism?

A

one species is living on or inside the other species

the other species is harmed

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25
what are the levels of organization? | simplest to most complex
``` cell tissue organ organ system organism ```
26
muscle tissue
function: movement location: in heart, lining of organs
27
nervous tissue
function: carries electrical signals throughout body location: brain, spinal chord
28
connective tissue
function: provides support, connects all parts location: bone, fat, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood
29
systems that provide movement
skeletal system, muscular system
30
systems that transport
respiratory, circulatory, excretory, digestive
31
systems that control
nervous, endocrine, integumentary
32
in what ways does the body try to maintain homeostasis?
``` meeting energy needs water balance regulating body temperature keeping balance fighting disease ```
33
relationship between a negative feedback system and homeostasis
negative feedback system: when a system is shut off by the one that produced it +when you are hungry, you eat until you are not hungry
34
how does the body react to stress?
``` increased heart rate increased breathing rate sweating increased temperature shivering sweating ```
35
5 major functions of the skeletal system
``` shape and support storage protection production movement ```
36
what are the two types of skeleton found in the body?
axial- support appendicular- movement
37
which bones protect the heart and lungs
rib cage
38
what are the long bones and what do they reproduce?
femur and humerus they produce blood cells
39
cranium
protects brain
40
pivot joint
movement: rotation ex: neck
41
gliding joint
movement: sliding ex: wrist, ankles
42
ball and socket joint
movement: all directions ex: hip, shoulder
43
hinge joint
movement: forward/backward ex: knee, elbow
44
what are the 3 main functions of the muscular system?
movement maintain body temp maintain posture
45
3 types of muscle in human body
voluntary: skeletal muscle involuntary: smooth muscle cardiac muscle
46
how do skeletal muscles work?
always work in pairs muscle can only contract (shorten) while one is contracted, other is relaxed (extensor, flexer)
47
what are the main structures of the nervous system?
brain spinal chord nervous tissue (fibers) sensory organs
48
what are thee three main functions of the nervous system?
receiving info responding to info maintaining homeostasis
49
structures that make up cell body: cell body
contains nucleus and dendrites | receive the nerve impulse
50
structures that make up cell body: axon
sends nerve impulses away from cell body one per neuron
51
structures that make up cell body: axon tips
receive message from axon | sends to other dendrites
52
what is the main difference between a dendrite and axon
a dendrite receives info and the axon sends it away
53
what neuron sends signals from body to brain?
sensory neuron
54
what neuron send messages fro brain to body?
motor neuron
55
what is the purpose and where are interneuron found?
they carry messages from a motor to a sensory neuron they are found between motor and sensory neurons in the brain and spinal chord
56
how does a nerve impulse travel from neuron to neuron?
it goes from axon tips to the dendrites of another neuron. it has to cross a gap called the synapse but to do so, it has to change into a chemical form called neurotransmitters
57
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system?:
peripheral: consists of nerve fibers that branch off central nervous system to rest of body central: contains brain and spinal chord
58
what are the three main regions of the brain?:
cerebellum cerebrum brain stem
59
cerebellum
controls memory and balance back of brain
60
cerebrum
largest part- divided into parts left- mathematical and logical right- creative and artistic
61
brain stem
connects brain to spinal chord
62
what is the main purpose of the spinal chord?
it lets nerve impulses pass through for a reaction connects brain to peripheral nervous system
63
how does the reflex arc work?
sensory neurons send messages to spinal chord interneurons pass message to interneurons motor neurons cause muscles to react quickly brain is bypassed

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