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UNIT 8- PHARMACOLOGY > 8-1 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

8-1 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What chapter in the MANMED, NAVMED P-117 covers pharmacy?

A

chapter 21

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2
Q

What type of prescriptions are no longer authorized as per chapter 21 of the MANMED P-117

A

faxed prescriptions

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3
Q

Controlled substances shall be written only on the? Never on a?

A
  • DD 1289

- poly-prescription

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4
Q

Prescriptions must be written in ink, indelible pencil, type written, and must show?

A
  • pt’s full name/ ssn
  • date written
  • pt’s age/ DOB
  • directions for the pt
  • legible signature
  • refill authorization
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5
Q

What items, related to the drug information, must be documented on the prescription?

A
  • full name of drug
  • form of drug
  • dosage size/strength
  • quantity
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6
Q

What are the general principles of pharmacology?

A
  • factors that affect the actions of drugs
  • factors that affect drug reactions
  • various types of drug interactions
  • factors influencing drug response interactions
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7
Q

What is defined as:

activities of the drug after it enters the body?

A

pharmacokinetic

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8
Q

What is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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9
Q

A fundamental concept in pharmacokinetics is?

A

drug clearance

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10
Q

What is elimination of drugs from the body?

A

drug clearance

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11
Q

What is defined as:

the transfer of the drug from the body fluids to tissues.

A

absorption

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12
Q

Carrier molecule, such as protein or enzyme, actively moves the drug across the membrane

A

active absorption

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13
Q

Diffuse across a membrane from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (water soluble drugs)

A

passive absorption

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14
Q

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane

A

pinocytosis

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15
Q

What is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation?

A

bioavailability

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16
Q

Bioavailability only occurs after the medication has been absorbed and metabolized by the?

A

liver

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17
Q

Oral drugs that have a first pass hepatic metabolism may only have a bioavailability of?
I.V medications?

A
  • 20 to 40%

- 100%

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18
Q

What are factors that alter bioavailability?

A
  • drug form
  • route
  • liver metabolism
  • GI mucosa and motility
  • Food/drugs
  • solubility
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19
Q

Which drug absorbs faster, fat soluble or water soluble?

A

fat soluble

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20
Q

Movement of drugs throughout the body typically on proteins

A

distribution

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21
Q

Drug levels in blood to produce desired effect?

A

therapeutic effect

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22
Q

Chemical reaction by which liver converts drugs to inactive compound

A

metabolism

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23
Q

Metabolism occurs in the?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • lungs
  • plasma
  • intestinal mucosa
24
Q

Elimination of drugs from the body?

25
Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug?
half-life
26
What can increase the half-life of drugs, increasing the toxicity?
- liver disease - kidney disease - old age
27
Drug's actions and effects within the body
pharmacodynamic
28
A compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms
physical dependence
29
A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience
physiological dependence
30
A genetically determined abnormal response to normal dose of a drug
pharmacogenetic disorder
31
A specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response.
receptor
32
A drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiological functions of the cell.
alteration in cellular environment
33
What are the two types of alterations in cellular environment?
- Therapeutic response | - agonist
34
Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response
therapeutic response
35
Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic response
agonist
36
Drug that binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacological effect
antagonist
37
What is an undesirable drug effects
adverse reaction
38
A drug reaction that occurs because the individual's immune system views the drug as a foreign substance
allergic reaction
39
Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug
drug idiosyncrasy
40
A decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
drug tolerance
41
A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given
cumulative drug effect
42
A harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level
toxic
43
Inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug | Example:G6PD
pharmacogenetics reactions
44
The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown of tablets
pharmaceutic phase
45
When one drug interacts with or interacts with the action of another drug
drug interaction
46
A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone
additive drug reaction
47
A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions
synergism
48
When one drug interferes with the action of another drug, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug
Antagonist drug reaction
49
Drug given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption
drug- food interactions
50
What are the factors that influence drug response
- Age - Weight - Gender - Disease - Route - Pregnancy
51
A substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus
teratogen
52
Drug ratings in pregnancy: - fail to demonstrate risk in 1st or 3rd trimester. - remote possibility of fetal harm - controlled human studies show no risk
category A
53
Drug ratings in pregnancy: - No studies show adverse effect other than decrease in fertility - no evidence of risk in studies
category B
54
Drug ratings in pregnancy: - animal studies revealed adverse effects - no women's studies available - drugs should be only be given if benefits justify risk - risk can not be ruled out
category C
55
Drug rating in pregnancy: - positive evidence of fetal risk - drug use may benefit despite risk if life threatening situation
category D
56
Drug ratings in pregnancy: - fetal abnormalities/risk - risk outweighs any possible benefits - contraindicated for pregnant or may become pregnant
category X

UNIT 8- PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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