8:27 histology

Question 1

what are the three types of muslce cells>

Answer 1

tere are skeletal cardiac and smooth

Question 2

how can you tell hte difference betwweenthe mucsle types

Answer 2

keletal have cucleus on hte outside aand cardacahave the nucleus in the middle and tHE smooth dont have hte striation

Question 3

the common propertiieS OF aljl muscle cells

Answer 3

mesoderm; lenght is greather than width

Question 4

what does atp do for myosin and actin

Answer 4

unbinds the myosin and causes the hea to cock

Question 5

what causes the power phase of the muscle movement

Answer 5

hydrolysis of the atp on the myosin head

Question 6

what types of muscle have stripes

Answer 6

cardiac and the skeletal cells have striation

Question 7

what is a sacromere

Answer 7

the area between the z-lines that shortenas the muscl contract.

Question 8

what surrrounds the muscle and conects to the tendon

Answer 8

the epimysium

Question 9

what are the connected filaments inside the muscle

Answer 9

the perimysium

Question 10

what surrounds the individual myofibers of he muscles

Answer 10

the endomysium

Question 11

where are the cells n muscles

Answer 11

the myofiber

Question 12

what is the myofibril and the myofers

Answer 12

the myofibers are the cells and the cell is filled wth myfibril

Question 13

what are muscle satilite cells

Answer 13

cells under the basal lamina that regenerate the muscle or to generate more muscles! they build mucle!

Question 14

what is a dystrophinn linkage

Answer 14

it links the actin fibers to protein complex that links accross the membrane to the extra-cellular matirix

Question 15

why is the dystrophinn linkage important

Answer 15

it allows the myofigril contraction with conduct to the connecttive tissue and do useful work

Question 16

what if there is mutation and damage the dystrophin linkage

Answer 16

the cells rip themselves apart and fibers atrophy and die. you get duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 17

how do cardiaca and skeletal very

Answer 17

myofibril in cardiac are short and branched and not all parallel few nuclei and in the central position. very little connected tissue and no fascicles.

Question 18

why would heart muscle fall apart when sectioned and preped for image

Answer 18

very little connective tissue in them

Question 19

what structures make the intercalated dscs

Answer 19

desmosomes; fasca adherens (hemi-z-line);

Question 20

what characteristicass differentiate the smooth muscles

Answer 20

individual spindle shaped cells, surround by basal lamina and reticular fibers; single,central nuceus, may appear wavy corkscrew shaped. no striation

Question 21

what arranges the actin filaments in a smooth muscle cell

Answer 21

the dense bodiesattach the actin

Question 22

how is the control of sliding different for smooth muscle the the striated muscle

Answer 22

the control is on hte thick filaments and not the actin

Question 23

explain thick filiment cotrol in the smooth muscle cell

Answer 23

ca causes calodulin actates myosin light chain kinase this uses atp to actiate the thick filiments

Question 24

what are the mechancal diffrences beween THE striattedan the smooth muscles

Answer 24

smooth muscles ares slower but have a greater range of movement control

Question 25

what is the purpose of the nervous sysem

Answer 25

to rapily communicate and integrate function i.e. take iput nd integrate to output

Question 26

what are soe general propertes of the nerve cleds

Answer 26

structural nd functinal units of NS elecrically excitable,generadte action potentals

Question 27

what are the supportive cells of the nervous system

Answer 27

glia

Question 28

whatare the main subdavisona of hte nervu system

Answer 28

central nad peripheral

Question 29

what are the dvsions of ht ecentral nervous systemq

Answer 29

brain spinal crd

Question 30

what are the main signal transduction of the nerves

Answer 30

synaptc inputs to dendrite to cell body to axon to synapses

Question 31

what structural feature really dictates the function of nervous cels

Answer 31

the arrangement of the cell dendrites of the axos

Question 32

using H and E standard stain what is the limitation with neurons

Answer 32

the inability to see the process of the neurons, need a golgi stain

Question 33

what are the dendrites

Answer 33

usurally short highly branched sections of the neural xons, that have little spnes

Question 34

what are the form and functions of dendrtes

Answer 34

have small dendritic pins that help modulate and isolate inputs and strongly implicated s being important in learning and memory.

Question 35

what is the structure and function of the neural cell body

Answer 35

the soma or perkaryon is responsible for metabolcand synthetic center with a large euchoaic uceus (light colored). large aont of rough ER. and golgi

Question 36

why would neurons have so much ER nad golgi

Answer 36

bcuase tey send a lt of vasculated proteins to the membrane

Question 37

why is damage of a neuron cell so bad

Answer 37

they don't divide

Question 38

what cells provide myelination

Answer 38

glial

Question 39

what are macroglia

Answer 39

astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendrcytes. that

Question 40

what are astrocytes

Answer 40

star shaped cells that touch capillaries, cntain GFAP

Question 41

describe the mcroglia

Answer 41

derived from precursors in bone marow, usually inert, but when acive the are macrophages, comon at injury, present antigens , cytokines, eurotxinsa and mediate neropathic pain.

Question 42

oligodendrocytes

Answer 42

create myelinate and ndees of ranvier speeds conduction velocty

Question 43

where are schwann cells located?

Answer 43

in the periphery nervous cels

Question 44

what functions might a schwnn cell have

Answer 44

regulate the environment, and myolnate oly one segment of oe nerve. come becme phagcytotic. can help regenerate the lost nerve cells

Question 45

epinerurium

Answer 45

the outside sheeth around a nerve bundles

Question 46

perineurium

Answer 46

the sheeth around individual nerve bundles

Question 47

gray vs. the white matter

Answer 47

gray: neurons, dendrites and thier synapses; | White matter: axons, no neuronal cell bodies. Both have astrocytes oligodendrocytes, and microglia

Question 48

ependymal cells

Answer 48

the lining of the central canal and the ventricles. Like an epithelia, but express GRAP, so uniquely nervous tissue. simple cuboidal or columnar.

Question 49

choroid plexus

Answer 49

when the pia and ependyma come close, and produce a very vascularized tissue in produce the bulk of the CSF

Question 50

blood brain barrier

Answer 50

tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells. stop large moecules from passing

Question 51

astrocyte purpose

Answer 51

regulate extracellular environment, control level of ions and transmitters

Question 52

oligodendrycytes purpose

Answer 52

myelinate multiple axons,

Question 53

microglia purpose

Answer 53

bone marrow cells the adre activated by infection or damage