8//3 2//nd e//xam

Question 1

an element in a mechatronic or measurement system that detects the
magnitude of a physical parameter and changes it into a signal that can be
processed by the system.

Answer 1

sensor

Question 2

a device that converts physical quantity into an electrical signal element that converts a change in some physical variable into a related

Answer 2

sensors

Question 3

active element of a sensor

Answer 3

transducer

Question 4

element that converts a change in some physical variable into a related
change in some other physical variable

Answer 4

transducer

Question 5

Monitoring and control systems require sensors to measure physical
quantities such as (7) examples

Answer 5

position, distance, force, strain, temperature, vibration,
and acceleration.

Question 6

used to open or close
connections within circuits

Answer 6

switch

Question 7

switches responds to ____forces
applied to it

Answer 7

mechanical

Question 8

• the parts of a switch that
  opens and closes circuit

Answer 8

contacts

Question 9

work as a pair, or a set, with
one moveable contact and
one stationary contact

Answer 9

contacts

Question 10

the moveable contact in a switch

Answer 10

pole

Question 11

the stationary contact in a
switch

Answer 11

throw

Question 12

draw the switch with its parts

Answer 12

lam mo na yan

Question 13

one moveable contact

Answer 13

single pole switch

Question 14

–two moveable
contacts operating together

Answer 14

double pole switch

Question 15

– one position in
which each pole closes a set of
contacts or completes a circuit

Answer 15

single-throw switch

Question 16

–two positions in
which each pole makes contact and
completes a circuit

Answer 16

double throw switch

Question 17

drawing of the ff:
single pole to triple pole, single throw to double throw (6)

Answer 17

kunin mo papel mo bitch

Question 18

usually either single break or double break

Answer 18

break

Question 19

drawing of single break

Answer 19

drawing mo yan

Question 20

drawing of double break

Answer 20

drawing mo yan

Question 21

5 common examples of switch

Answer 21

toggle switch
knife switch
mercury switch
snap-action switch
reed switch

Question 22

used in lighting
controls

Answer 22

toggle switch

Question 23

consists of hinged
metal blades and metal clips into
which the blades fit

Answer 23

knife switch

Question 24

closed by liquid
mercury completing a circuit
between a set of fixed contacts

Answer 24

mercury switch

Question 25

used for limit switches

Answer 25

snap-action switch

Question 26

closes when a magnetic field is near

Answer 26

reed switch

Question 27

Sensors that provide information in the form of electrical resistivity of a material (Flammini and Depari, 2017)

Answer 27

resistive sensors

Question 28

Electrical Resistance formula (2)

Answer 28

R=pL/A R= Ri(1+(alpha*delta*T))

Question 29

5 Common Examples of Resistive Sensors

Answer 29

potentiometer strain gauge thermistor light-dependent resistor resistive gas sensor

Question 30

–used for position sensing * Rotary and linear

Answer 30

potentiometer

Question 31

used for measuring force

Answer 31

strain gauge

Question 32

– used for measuring temperature

Answer 32

thermistor

Question 33

– used for light detection

Answer 33

light dependent resistor

Question 34

– used for detecting presence/concentration

Answer 34

resistive gas sensor

Question 35

* detect a change in capacitance when something or someone approaches or touches the sensor

Answer 35

capacitive sensors

Question 36

* Changes in capacitance cause changes in the ______ properties of a circuit that can be detected

Answer 36

electrical

Question 37

Capacitance Formula

Answer 37

C=Ea/d

Question 38

8 Common Applications of Capacitive Sensors

Answer 38

* Flow sensing * Pressure sensing * Liquid level detection * Spacing detection * Thickness measurement * Limit switch * Accelerometers * Humidity detection

Question 39

convert light rays into electronic signals

Answer 39

optical sensors

Question 40

2 points of optical sensors

Answer 40

transmitting point receivng end

Question 41

Two points: 1. _______ – emits light 2. _______– receives light emitted by the transmitting point

Answer 41

Transmitting point Receiving end

Question 42

Light can travel through or be reflected by the object being measured and the ___of light received by the receiving end is assessed.

Answer 42

quality

Question 43

Common Parameters Measured examples

Answer 43

* Temperature * Pressure * Flow * Liquid level *Displacement * Vibration * Rotation * Magnetic fields * Acceleration * Force * Radiation * pH *Humidity * Strain * Velocity * Electric fields * Acoustic fields

Question 44

* Sensors that produce current or voltage difference when exposed to temperature changes

Answer 44

Thermoelectric Sensors

Question 45

formula for thermoelectric sensors (V=)

Answer 45

V=alpha*(T1-T2)

Question 46

Thermoelectric Sensors takes advantages of

Answer 46

Seebeck effect

Question 47

When two wires are joined and connected at both ends, a _____ is generated as a response to a difference in temperature across the two points.

Answer 47

potential difference

Question 48

Another formula for V in thermoelectric sensor

Answer 48

V=(Sm1-Sm2)Th

Question 49

Measures temperature difference between two points

Answer 49

thermocouple

Question 50

a reference temperature at one junction must be determined to know the temperature being measured

Answer 50

thermocouple

Question 51

Thermocouple Use ____, or ____ temperature detector as basis

Answer 51

thermistor resistance

Question 52

For rugged applications

Answer 52

Thermocouple

Question 53

Thermocouple formula for Vopen-circuit

Answer 53

Vopen-circuit= (Sm1-Sm2)Th - (Sm1-Sm2)Tc

Question 54

have made a tremendous contribution towards mechanizing and automating many agricultural and food processing operations

Answer 54

Control Systems

Question 55

In control systems, * better ___ and __ are obtained * can safely and accurately control ___ * well-suited to work with ____systems

Answer 55

accuracy and reliability equipment computer-controlled

Question 56

the controlling device operates independently of the process variable it controls

Answer 56

Open-loop Control System

Question 57

2 Classification of Control Systems

Answer 57

Open-loop Control System Close-loop Control System

Question 58

the main characteristic of this type of system is that an operator is required to oversee the operation

Answer 58

Open-loop Control System

Question 59

An operator must be available at the appropriate times to start and stop the system

Answer 59

Open-loop Control System

Question 60

flowchart of Open-loop Control System

Answer 60

input --> controller --> process --> output

Question 61

the switching function is done automatically by devices sensing the process variable(s)

Answer 61

Close-loop Control System

Question 62

uses sensors and feedback to automatically control devices

Answer 62

Close-loop Control System

Question 63

drawing of Close-loop Control System

Answer 63

input --> controller --> process --> output but with feedback loop attached to switch between input and controller . then putput