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Pharmacy > 8-3 Drug Administration > Flashcards

8-3 Drug Administration Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Barbiturates

A

MOA: Depress the sensory cortex
Use: Sedative/seizure
Ex: Phenobarbital

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2
Q

Anxiety Drugs

A 
MOA: CNS Depression
Benzo: GABA receptor (Short term)
Non Benzo: dopamine and serotonin (long term)
Use: Anxiety
Ex: Diazapam (benzo-lam/pam)
Buspirone hydrochloride (non benzo)
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3
Q

Antidepressants

A

MOA: TCA, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, SRI, Dopamine/Norepi
Use: Depressive symptoms, Anxiety(class dependent), OCD, Smoking cessation
**do not mix MAOI and SSRI*
Ex: Steraline
Bupropion

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4
Q

Antipsychotic

A

MOA: Block dopamine receptors, alpha-adrenergic blockade
Use: Acute and chronic psychosis
Ex: Haloperidol
Adverse: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson like symptoms

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5
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

MOA: CNS Stimulant
Use: Narcolepsy and ADHD
Ex: Dextroamphetamine

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6
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

MOA: Reduction of excitability of the neurons
Use: treat/control seizure
Break seizure - Diazepam
Prevent Seizure - Phenytoin

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7
Q

Anti-emetic

A

MOA: Chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea
Use: Nausea and Vomiting
Ex: Ondansetron

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8
Q

Antivertigo

A

Benzodiazepines

Diphenhydramine

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9
Q

Anesthetic

A

MOA: Local-inhibiting transport of ions across neural membranes
Ketamine - dissociated
Use: Loss of sensation
Example: Lidocaine

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10
Q

Analgesics

A

Salicylate - Dilates peripheral blood vessels - aspirin
Non-salicylate - Tylenol
nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) - COX - Ibuprofen, Meloxicam

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11
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A

Use: Short term management of moderate to severe pain
Ex: Morphine sulfate, Codeine, Fentanyl, Oxycodone

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12
Q

Narcotic Antagonist

A

MOA: blocks the receptor
Use: Overdose
Ex: Naloxone

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13
Q

Antihistamine

A

MOA: suppress the histamine induced wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation)
Use: H1 - antihistamine are used to treat allergic reactions in the nose
H2 - antihistamines bind to histamine 2 receptors in the upper gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

Decongestant

A

MOA: Stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors
Use: Common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion and pressure
Ex: Pseudoephedrine

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15
Q

Beta 2 Agonist

A

MOA: Relaxation (dilation) of bronchioles
Use: Reversible airway Obstruction
ex: Albuterol sulfate

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16
Q

Muscarinic antagonists

A

MOA: Bronchodilation
Use: Bronchial asthma

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17
Q

Corticosteroids

A

MOA: suppressing inflammation
Use: Chronic management of reversible airway disease
yeast infection
Ex: Budesonide

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18
Q

Antitussives

A

MOA: Central acting - depress cough center
-Peripheral acting - anesthetize stretch receptors
Ex: Codeine Sulfate
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine

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19
Q

Mucolytic and Expectorants

A 
MOA:
Mucolytic - loosens respiratory secretions
Expectorant ; Raise mucus from respiratory system
Use:
Mucolytic - Bronchopulmonary diseases
Expectorant - Common cold
Acetylcysteine
Guaifenesin
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20
Q

Antiarrhythmics

A

Use : Treat cardiac arrhythmias

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21
Q

Nitrates

A

MOA: Relaxing effect on smooth muscle of blood vessels
Use: angina pectoris
Ex: nitroglycerin

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22
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

MOA: Dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood vessels
Use: Hypertension
End with - pril

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23
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A

MOA:
Dihydropyridines: Dilators - Dipine
Non-dihydropyridines: Heart

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24
Q

Beta Blocker

A

MOA: Block beta 1 or Beta 2
Ends: olol

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25
Diuretics
Use: Hypertension, glaucoma, swelling Carbonic, loop, Osmotic, Potassium sparing Ex: Furosemide
26
Antacids
MOA: Neutralize or reduce acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents Use: Heartburn, Sour stomach, indegestion, peptic ulcer Ex: Magnesium Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate
27
Histamine H2 Antagonist
MOA: H2 receptor cells of the stomach Use: Ulcers and reflux End in - dine
28
Hyperlipidemia
Use: Reduction of blood lipids Simvastatin Cholestyramine Fenofibrate
29
Antidiarrheal
MOA: Decrease intestinal peristalsis Use: Diarrhea *Abdominal pain of unknown origin* Ex: Loperamide
30
Antiflatulents
MOA: Prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets Use: excess gas Ex: Simethicone
31
Laxities
Bulk producing - adds bulk and water - Psyllium Emollient - Lubricate - Mineral oil Fecal Softeners - Promote water retention - docusate sodium Hyperosmolar - dehydrate local tissue - Glycerine Irritant o Stimulant - Irritates - Bisacodyl Saline - attract or pull water - Magnesium Citrate
32
Protein Pump Inhibitors (PPI)
MOA: Suppress gastric acid secretion Use: Heartburn, ulcers, reflux Ends with -zole
33
Insulin
MOA: Stimulates Peripheral glucose uptake Use: control type 1 or 2
34
Oral Antidiabetics
-Sulfonylureas - lower blood glucose -Biguanides - reduce hepatic glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity -Glucosidase inhibitors - lower blood sugar by delaying digestion -Meglitinides - Stimulates release of insulin -Thiazolidinediones - decrease insulin resistance ALL type 2
35
Sulfonamides
``` MOA: Primarily bacteriostatic Uses: Urinary tract infections, E.Coli, Staph, MRSA *hematologic changes* Ex: Silver Sulfadiazine -Trimethoprim ```
36
Thyroid
MOA: increase metabolic rate. Use: replacement therapy for hypothyroid **Thyrotoxicosis* Ex: Levothyroxine
37
Male hormones
MOA: Aid in the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics like: facial hair, deep voice etc. Use: Replacement Therapy, breast cancer *gynoclamastia, testicular atrophy, inhibition of testicular function* Ex: Methyltestosterone
38
Contraceptive
``` MOA: -Estrogens-secreted by ovarian follicle -Progestin-secreted by corpus luteum, by placenta and adrenal cortex. Use: Prevent pregnancy Ex: Drospirenone (Yasmine) ```
39
Emergency Contraceptive
-Single dose - one 1.5 mg tablet ASAP or within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Two Dose - one .75 mg tablet within 72 hours of unprotected sex; second dose of .75 mg 12 hours after first dose.
40
Define aerobic:
Requires oxygen to live
41
Define anaerobic:
Able to live without oxygen
42
Define Antibacterial:
Active against bacteria
43
Define Bacterial resistance:
ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the impact of the drug
44
Define bactericidal:
Drugs that kill bacteria
45
Define bacteriostatic:
Drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria
46
Define cross sensitivity:
Allergy to drugs in the same or related group
47
Define broad spectrum:
Drugs effective against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria
48
Define superinfection:
An overgrowth of bacteria or fungal microorganisms not affected by the antibiotic being used for treatment
49
The effectiveness of individual antibiotics depends on what factors?
- Location of infection - ability of antibiotic to reach infection - Ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic
50
Penicillin
``` MOA: Prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for maintenance of the bacteria's outer wall Use: Bacterial infections Ex: PEN VK Amoxicillin Amoxicillin/clavulanate ```
51
Cephalosporines
MOA: Affect bacterial wall, making it unstable. Similar to PCN Use: Strep, Staph ** Gastrointestinal disturbance* Ex: Keflex, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone
52
Tetracyclines
MOA: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis Use: Rickettsia, soft tissue damage, acne, malaria, chlamydial *Gastro, Photosensitivity* Ex: Doxycycline
53
Macrolides
``` MOA: Bind to cell membrane and cause changes in protein synthesis Use: Skin infections, Chlamydia * GI upset* Ex: Azithromycin ends in mycin ```
54
Fluoroquinolones
``` MOA: Interfere with bacteria DNA Use: Skin infection, Lower respiratory, STD *tendonitis, tendon rupture, CNS damage* Ex: Ciprofloxacin Ends in floxacin ```
55
Aminoglycosides
MOA: Block a step in protein synthesis necessary for multiplication Use: Gram negative, Bacterial meningitis *Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Neurotoxicity* Ex: Gentamicin
56
Carbapenems
MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the PCN binding proteins, which in turn inhibits the final step in cell wall synthesis. Use: Severe drug resistant organisms *C.Diff* Ex: Ertapenem
57
Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, Nitroimidazole
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis and cell death Use: Anaerobic infection, Gyno infection Intra abdominal Ex: Metronidazole (flagyl)
58
Lincosamide
MOA: Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in cell wall surface. use: MRSA, animal bite *GI issues, metallic taste* Ex: Clindamycin
59
Antivirals
MOA: Inhibit viral replication Uses: Herpes, HIV, Influenza Ex: Vancyclovir (valtrex), Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
60
Antifungals
``` MOA: Fungicidal and Fungistatic Use: Skin, GI Ex: Ketoconazole -Fluconazole -Terbinafine ```
61
Muscle Relaxers
MOA: not clearly understood Use: Acute painful musculoskeletal conditions *Drowsiness* Ex: Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol
61
Muscle Relaxers
MOA: not clearly understood Use: Acute painful musculoskeletal conditions *Drowsiness* Ex: Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol
62
Corticosteroids
MOA: Hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex made from crystalline steroid alcohol cholesterol use: Arthritis, Bursitis *can shut off pituitary release of hormones* Ex: Prednisone
63
Antimigraine
MOA: Acts on intercranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of trigeminal system; vasoconstriction Use: Migraines *Peripheral vascular disease, HTN* Ex: Rizatriptan (maxalt), Sumatriptan (imitrex)
64
Scabicide
MOA: Inhibits sodium ion influx through the nerve cell membrane channels in parasites Use: Head lice, Scabies Ex: Permethrin
65
Topical Anti-infectives are?
- Antibiotics - Anti-fungal - Antiviral
66
Define antibiotic:
Exert a direct local effect on specific microorganism ;can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal
67
Define anti-fungal:
Exert direct local effect by inhibiting growth of the fungi
68
Define antiviral
Inhibit viral replication
69
Antiseptics and Germicides
MOA: Not well understood Use: reduce the bacteria on the skins surface Ex: Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Hibiclens), Providone-iodine (Betadine)
70
Topical Corticosteroids
MOA: Localized anti-inflammatory activity Use: Psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema Ex: Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone
71
Keratolytic
MOA: removes excess growth of the epidermis in disorders like warts Use: remove warts, calluses, corns Ex: Salicylic acid gel 17%

Pharmacy (5 decks)

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