8-A Split Pelvis

Question 1

Name the three bones that make up the os coxae

Answer 1

the ilium, ischium and the pubis (aka the nominate bone)

Question 2

Name four features on the posterior side of the pelvis

Answer 2

descending: greater sciatic notch, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch and ischial tuberosity

Question 3

What is the name of the hole bilaterally and anterior on the pelvis?

Answer 3

obturator foramen

Question 4

Name some distinguishing features of the female pelvis vs. the male pelvis

Answer 4

females have an oval shaped canal with wide greater sciatic notches and wider pubic angle

Question 5

Name the pouch found in front of and behind the uterus created by the peritoneum drapped over the top of the pelvic organs?

Answer 5

vesiculouterine and rectouterine pouches

Question 6

What is the space between the bladder and the rectum in men?

Answer 6

the rectovesicular pouch

Question 7

Name the parts of the male urethra (4)

Answer 7

preprostatic (contains the internal urethral sphincter), postatic urethra (surrounded by the prostate), membranous urethra (contains the external urethral sphincter and the spongy urethra (within the penis)

Question 8

Describe the route of sperm

Answer 8

testis (development), epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts and the urethra

Question 9

Name the 3 accessory glands of males

Answer 9

seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands

Question 10

Where do the ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra?

Answer 10

ejaculatory ducts travel through the prostate gland and open into the prostatic urethra

Question 11

Name two difficulties with the prostrate gland

Answer 11

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (very common, compresses prostatic urethra) and Prostate Cancer (grows slow but can metastasize quickly)

Question 12

What connects the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 12

ovarian ligament (oviducts are not directly connected to Fallopian tubes)

Question 13

What are the arched pouches that create a “moat” around the cervix

Answer 13

anterior and posterior (and lateral) fornices

Question 14

Cervical cancer can be caused by which virus, how can cervical cancer by detected?

Answer 14

Human Papillomavirus; detected by Pap smear

Question 15

What are subdivisions of the broad ligament?

Answer 15

mesovarium (surrounds the ovaries), mesometrium (surounds the uterus) mesosalpinx (surrounds the uterine tubes) BONUS: suspensory ligament of the ovary caries ovarian artery and vein

Question 16

What are the shelves of the rectum that retard feces called? What flexure helps to retain fecal continence?

Answer 16

lateral flexures; anorectal flexture

Question 17

Name branches of the internal iliac artery (variable branching pattern)

Answer 17

iliolumbar and lateral sacral, superior and inferior gluteal, oburator, internal pudendal, umbilical, superior vesicular, inferior vesicular (male)/ uterine (female), middle and inferior rectal

Question 18

Name the blood supply to the bladder.

Answer 18

superior vesicular and inferior vesicular (men)

Question 19

What arteries supply the ovary and uterus?

Answer 19

uterine (from internal iliac); ovarian (from aorta)… uterine artery passes superior to the uretherus and there are extensive anastomoses between ovarian and uterine arteries

Question 20

Discuss the blood supply to the rectum.

Answer 20

superior rectal (inferior mesenteric), middle rectal (internal iliac) and inferior rectal (from internal pudendal)

Question 21

What is the pectinate line?

Answer 21

separates the area with 3 embryonic tissues from the former cloacal plate in the anus- demarcates skeletal v. visceral innervation and perfusion as well as lymphatics

Question 22

What fibers can you find in the sacral plexus?

Answer 22

sensory, somatomotor, and sympathetic to the perineum, gluteal region posterior thigh and all of the leg and foot

Question 23

What nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

Answer 23

lumbosacral trunk (L4-5), S1-S4

Question 24

Where are the superior and inferior hypgastric plexuses located?

Answer 24

bifurcation of the aorta and around the rectum respectively with the hypgastric nerves running between the two plexi

Question 25

Is the inferior hypgastric plexus superior or inferior to the pelvic plexus?

Answer 25

inferior hypogastric plexus is superior to the pelvic plexus (through pelvic bowl)

Question 26

Describe the sympathetic innervation to the pelvis.

Answer 26

Lumbar splanchnics go to superior hypogastric plexus, sacral splanchnics go to inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 27

Describe the parasympathetic innervation to the pelvis

Answer 27

Pelvic splanchnics (cell bodies at S2-4) and exit via the ventral

Question 28

What is the pelvic pain line?

Answer 28

below the pain line, pain fibers follow the parasympathetics, above the pain line, pain fibers follow normal rules (pain will follow syampathetics

Question 29

90% of sympathetic fibers to the pelvis come from the ____ ______ plexus then descend and bifurcate forming the _____ ____ on either side of the rectum.

Answer 29

superior hypogastric plexus, inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 30

Inferior hypogastric plexus receives _______ splanchnic, some of which ascend along the hypogastric nerves to reach the superior hypogastric plexus to eventually reach the left colic and sigmoidal branches of IMA to reach target organs

Answer 30

pelvic

Question 31

Which nerve carries fibers to the erectile tissue?

Answer 31

nervi erigentes

Question 32

Where is the pudendal canal in relation to the obturator interns muscle?

Answer 32

the pudendal canal is a tunnel in the thisk fascia that covers the medial surface of the obturator in terns muscle, which forms the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa

Question 33

Where are the levitator any and coccyges muscles in relation to the ishciorectal fossa?

Answer 33

the medial wall of the ischiorectal fossa lies the levitator any and coccyges muscles of the pelvic diaphragm