8. Cultural Diversity, Cultural Divides or Global Culture Flashcards
What is the main argument presented by Samuel P. Huntington in “The Clash of Civilizations?”
Huntington argues that conflicts in the contemporary world are primarily cultural, with civilizations replacing development as the key source of global tensions. He defines civilization based on language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and self-identification
According to Stanley Hoffman in “Clash of Globalizations,” how does globalisation relate to state sovereignty?
Hoffman suggests that the crumbling of state sovereignty due to globalization actually makes states more inclined to hold onto their sovereignty. This is in contrast to the idea that globalization erodes state authority.
What are the three forms of globalization mentioned by Stanley Hoffman, and how is globalization related to violence?
The three forms of globalization are Economic, Cultural, and Political. Hoffman highlights a relationship between globalization and violence, indicating that the increase in global interactions can be linked to an increase in conflicts and rivalries between nations.
In “In Praise of Cultural Imperialism,” what does David Rothkopf say about the role of the U.S. in global culture?
Rothkopf acknowledges the dominant role of the U.S. in global culture, arguing that the promotion of U.S. culture can be considered positive because it is the most tolerant culture.
According to Kishore Mahbubani and Lawrence H. Summers, what is the central theme in “The Fusion of Civilizations: The Case for Global Optimism”?
The central theme is that widespread pessimism about clashes between civilizations is unwarranted. They argue that there is a fusion of civilizations, with increasing overlaps and commonalities, leading to improved global well-being.
How does Mahbubani and Summers counter the pessimistic view regarding the clash of civilizations?
They counter pessimism by highlighting positive developments such as the reduction of extreme global poverty, the modernization of the Muslim world without westernization, and the potential for cooperation between the West, China, and India to bolster an international rules-based order.
What is the role of China in the fusion of civilizations, according to Mahbubani and Summers?
China plays a crucial role in the fusion of civilizations by absorbing Western modernity into its society, leading to its re-emergence. Despite differences, China embraces certain aspects of Western civilization, exemplifying the fusion of cultures.
How do Mahbubani and Summers propose addressing challenges in the modern world?
They propose focusing on highlighting positives, reconsidering global governance policies, promoting international cooperation to solve transnational problems, and partnering with China and India to strengthen the international rules-based order.
What is Mahbubani and Summers’ overall assessment of the world in “The Fusion of Civilizations”?
They argue that the world is coming together, driven primarily by the injection of Western ideas into other civilizations. Despite challenges, progress is being made, and the fusion of civilizations has the potential to uplift the human condition.
According to Samuel P. Huntington, how has the basis of grouping countries changed in the modern era?
Huntington argues that countries are no longer grouped according to development but rather by culture and civilization. He emphasizes that civilization is the highest cultural grouping defined by language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and subjective self-identification.
In “Clash of Globalizations,” what does Stanley Hoffman say about the relationship between state foreign policy and domestic politics?
Hoffman suggests that state foreign policy is shaped by domestic politics. This implies that domestic political considerations influence how states engage with the global arena.
According to David Rothkopf in “In Praise of Cultural Imperialism,” what are the three broad categories of cultural conflicts in the global environment?
Rothkopf identifies three broad categories of cultural conflicts: religious warfare, ethnic conflict, and conflicts between “cultural cousins.” He also mentions quasi-cultural conflicts, such as the Cold War, based on political cultures.
What is the argument made by Kishore Mahbubani and Lawrence H. Summers regarding the relationship between globalisation and human well-being?
Mahbubani and Summers argue that human well-being has improved not due to a clash of civilizations but through a fusion of civilizations. They highlight overlaps and commonalities among world civilizations, leading to advancements in education, jobs, and overall quality of life.
