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GIGU - Week 1 > 8- Histology of Small & Large Intestines > Flashcards

8- Histology of Small & Large Intestines Flashcards

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1
Q

The small intestine is the principal site for digestion of food and absorption of digestion products. What are the components of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

These are transverse folds with a submucosal core that lie within the small intestine. They cannot lay flat if distended, and are visible in the jejunum but less so in the ileum.

A

Plicae Circulares

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3
Q

These are mucosal folds that project into the lumen and cover the surface of small intestine. They are covered with a simple columnar epithelium of enterocytes and goblet cells.

A

Intestinal Villi

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4
Q

Intestinal Villi have a core of loose CT with microvasculature and a ________.

A

Lacteal

***This is lymphatic vessel of small intestine that absorbs digested fats!

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5
Q

In Intestinal Villi, _________ produce enzymes for digestion and absorption.

A

Enterocytes

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6
Q

In Intestinal Villi, ________ ________ provide mucus coating to shield from abrasion and bacterial invasion.

A

Goblet Cells

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7
Q

Intestinal Villi are covered with _________ to increase absorptive surface area.

A

Microvilli

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8
Q

This layer of the small intestine is composed of simple columnar epithelium with tubular intestinal glands. It contains the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae.

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

This layer of the small intestine is composed of dense irregular CT. It contains neurovasculature, lymphatics, and glands may be present.

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

This layer of the small intestine has inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscle.

A

Muscularis

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11
Q

This layer of the small intestine has loose CT covered by visceral peritoneum.

A

Serosa

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12
Q

Motility of the SI and LI is innervated by the…

A

ANS

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13
Q

The ENS (intrinsic) consists of the…

A

Submucosal (Meissner) Plexus

Myenteric (Auberbach) Plexus

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14
Q

Extrinsic innervation for the SI and LI are preganglionic parasympathetics via _______ and _______ nerves, and postganglionic sympathetics.

A

Vagus

Pelvic

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15
Q

Intestinal Glands are simple tubular glands lined by simple columnar epithelium. What cells do they contain?

A

Enteroendocrine Cells
Paneth Cells
M (Microfold) Cells
Intestinal Stem Cells

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16
Q

Intestinal Glands are continuous with the simple columnar epithelium that covers the…

A

Intestinal Villi

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17
Q

Intestinal Glands open onto the luminal surface of the intestine at the base of the _______.

A

Villi

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18
Q

These cells are found throughout the intestinal glands. They secrete peptide hormones to control gut motility, regulate secretion of enzymes, HCl, bile, and other components for digestion.

A

Enteroendocrine Cells

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19
Q

What do Enteroendocrine Cells secrete?

A 
Gastrin
Secretin 
GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) 
Motilin 
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
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20
Q

These are pyramidal-shaped cells at the base of intestinal glands. There are large, eosinophilic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm.

A

Paneth Cells

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21
Q

These cells function in innate immunity by secreting antimicrobial substances (lysozyme, alpha-defensins). They regulate normal bacterial flora via antibacterial action and phagocytosis.

A

Paneth Cells

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22
Q

These cells reside in a niche at the crypt base near Paneth Cells. They repopulate the epithelial lining by daughter cells moving out of the crypts. They differentiate into Goblet Cells, Enterocytes, and Enteroendocrine Cells.

A

Intestinal Stem Cells (ISCs)

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23
Q

These are epithelial cells specialized for transepithelial transport of particles and microorganisms. They are located in the ileal mucosa, overlying Peyer patches.

A

M (Microfold) Cells

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24
Q

M (Microfold) Cells have a pocket formed by deeply invaginated membrane and containing…

A

Lymphocytes

Macrophages

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25
The apical surface of the M Cells express receptors that bind specific macromolecules and Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., E. Coli). These are then internalized and transferred to immune cells. M Cells function as highly specialized...
Antigen-Transporting Cells
26
This is the junction between the pylorus (stomach) and the duodenum.
Gastroduodenal Junction
27
At the Gastroduodenal Junction, the ________ has a thick wall due to the pyloric sphincter and there are pyloric glands at the base of each gastric pit.
Pylorus
28
At the Gastroduodenal Junction, the ________ has abundant Brunner's glands in the submucosa that are deep to the muscularis mucosae. There are secretory mucosa with villi.
Duodenum
29
The duodenum is the initial segment of the small intestine. It contains _______ _______ in the submucosa, which are tubuloacinar mucous glands that produce an alkaline secretion to neutralize acidic chyme.
Brunner's Glands
30
The duodenum collects bile and pancreatic secretions via the...
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
31
This portion of the small intestine has long finger-like villi with tubular intestinal glands. The villus core contains a well-developed lacteal.
Jejunum
32
The jejunum has lymphoid nodules/follicles in the lamina propria and NO _______ _______.
Submucosal Glands
33
This portion of the small intestine has shorter finger-like villi and Paneth Cells found at the base of the intestinal glands.
Ileum
34
The Ileum has _______ _______, which are mucosal lymphoid nodules specific to the Ileum only.
Peyer's Patches
35
Food is propelled from the Ileum into the Cecum through the...
Ileocecal Valve ***Occurs at Ileocecal Junction
36
At the Ileocecal Junction, there is an abrupt transition from villi of SI to the glandular epithelium of the LI. The Ileocecal Valve is a thickened extension of the _______ _______ which has a critical function to limit reflux of colonic content into the Ileum.
Muscularis Mucosae
37
This is what absorbs water, sodium, vitamins, and minerals. It also uptakes sedatives, anesthetics, and steroids.
Large Intestine
38
In the large intestine, the openings of tubular intestinal glands (called _______ _______ _______) are hallmark of the mucosa.
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
39
The hallmarks of this are intestinal glands, goblet cells, but NO intestinal villi.
Large Intestine
40
This layer of the large intestine has glandular, simple columnar epithelium that contains colonocytes, goblet cells, stem cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
Mucosa
41
This layer of the large intestine has lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. GALT is extensive and may penetrate the submucosa.
Mucosa
42
This layer of the large intestine is composed of dense irregular CT and is vascularized.
Submucosa
43
This layer of the large intestine has a typical inner layer and an outer longitudinal layer organized into taeniae coli that will form haustra.
Muscularis
44
Intraperitoneal portions of the colon are covered by...
Serosa
45
The large intestine has glands consisting of simple columnar epithelium with NUMEROUS ______ _____. This is a hallmark of the colon.
Goblet Cells
46
This disease is aganglionosis in the distal colon. It occurs in 1:5000 neonates and presents as constipation, poor feeding, and progressive abdominal distention.
Hirschsprung's Disease
47
In Hirschsprung's Disease, there are mutations of the ______ gene required for migration and differentiation of NCC. Results in failure of NCC development in both plexuses of a bowel segment.
RET
48
In (SHORT/LONG) segment Hirschsprung's disease occur in 85% of cases and are confined to the rectosigmoid region.
Short
49
In (SHORT/LONG) segment Hirschsprung's disease occur in 10% of cases and extends past the rectosigmoid colon to the splenic flexure.
Long
50
This form of Hirschsprung's disease affects the entire colon. Occurs in 5% of cases.
Total Colonic Aganglionosis
51
How can we diagnose Hirschsprung's disease?
- - Delayed BM < 48 hrs after birth - - Rectal biopsy - - Barium enema
52
How can we treat Hirschsprung's disease?
Surgical removal of the affected colon segment
53
This is the upper part of the rectum, and has typical mucosa with tubular intestinal glands and transverse rectal folds.
Rectum Proper (Upper Part)
54
This is the lower part of the rectum.
Anal Canal
55
In the anal canal, there are ______ ______ with mucosal folds.
Anal Columns
56
In the anal canal, there are _______ ______ with depressions between the columns.
Anal Sinuses
57
In the anal canal, there are _______ _______ that extend into the submucosa and muscularis externa.
Anal Glands
58
In the rectum, there are _______ _______ which are large apocrine glands surrounding the anal orifice.
Circumanal Glands
59
What are the 3 zones of the anal canal?
``` Colorectal Zone (Upper 1/3) Anal Transitional Zone (Middle 1/3) Squamous Zone (Lower 1/3) ```
60
This zone of the anal canal consists of simple columnar epithelium identical to the rectum.
Colorectal Zone (Upper 1/3)
61
This zone of the anal canal consists of simple columnar epithelium and transitions to stratified squamous epithelium of perianal skin.
Anal Transitional Zone (ATZ -- Middle 1/3)
62
This zone of the anal canal consists of stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the perineal skin.
Squamous Zone (Lower 1/3)
63
At the level of the anus, the inner circular layer thickens to form the...
Internal Anal Sphincter

GIGU - Week 1 (10 decks)

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