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Sociology - Education > 8. Marketisation Policies 1980s > Flashcards

8. Marketisation Policies 1980s Flashcards

1
Q

Define Marketisation

A

Tightly tied to privatisation - services which were previously controlled by government or local authorities are given freedom of control to operate like an independent business

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2
Q

What are the market forces schools were now subject to?

A
  1. Supply and demand
  2. Competition
  3. Consumer choice
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3
Q

In the 1980s what did schools begin to operate like?

A

Private businesses.

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4
Q

What did the Conservative party at the time favour?

A

The neoliberal ideology of marketisation of education based on competition and choice which helps promote better standards.

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5
Q

Before 1988 where were most parents encouraged to send their children?

A

Encouraged to send children to their local schools

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6
Q

What were the key aims of the Education Reform Act 1988?

A

-Give more control to parents and schools
-Raise educational standards through competition and choice
-Create an identical curriculum across the country
-Make schools accountable through Ofsted inspections and League tables.

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7
Q

Define Parentocracy

A

A Childs education depends on the choice of their parents rather than their ability.

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8
Q

What does parentocracy reflect?

A

Political ideology

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9
Q

AO3 of parentocracy

A

More affluent parents are able to make more effective choices than other parents

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10
Q

What are 3 factors helping parents choose schools?

A
  1. School diversity
  2. Ofsted inspection reports
  3. School league tables
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11
Q

What has grown since 1980?

A

Growing range of different types of state funded schools

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12
Q

Give examples of some state-funded schools

A

-Community schools
-Academies
-Free schools
-Grammar schools
-Faith schools

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13
Q
  1. League tables, cream-skimming, educational triage: Which schools will be in higher demand?
A

Schools with higher exam results will be in higher demand

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14
Q
  1. League tables, cream-skimming, educational triage: What does more demand for high exam results schools encourage?
A

Encourages schools to raise standards and climb league tables.

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15
Q

Define Cream-skimming

A

Good schools can be more selective choosing the highest achieving.

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16
Q

Define Silt-shifting

A

Schools avoid taking less able pupils who may damage their position in league tables eg working class pupils

17
Q
  1. League tables, cream-skimming, educational triage: Which schools can’t be selective with their pupils?
A

Schools in lower positions can’t be selective so results stay low and the school is unattractive to MC parents.

18
Q
  1. League tables, cream-skimming, educational triage: What do league tables encourage?
A

League tables encourage educational triage - focus is on grade 3/4 students so they pass their GCSE

19
Q

Define Formula funding

A

Where schools are allocated funding based on a number of factors

20
Q
  1. Formula funding: What are the factors formula funding is based on?
A

-Pupil characteristics (ages, specific needs, number of pupils)
-School characteristics (location, primary or secondary)
-Local area factors (cost of living, level of deprivation)

21
Q
  1. Formula funding: Which schools get more funds?
A

Popular schools meaning they can afford experienced teachers leading to high exam results and high positions in league tables.

22
Q
  1. Formula funding: What can’t schools in lower position afford?
A

Experiences teachers so results stay low and the school remains unpopular.

23
Q
  1. Formula funding: Result of formula funding?
A

Popular schools with good results & MC pupils thrive. Schools with mostly WC pupils fail so funding is further reduced.

24
Q
  1. Formula funding: Conclusion of formula funding?
A

Competition orientated education systems reproduce social class inequalities

25
Q
  1. Myth of parentocracy: Who do marketisation policies advantage?
A

MC parents

26
Q
  1. Myth of parentocracy: What are the 3 types of parents identified?
A

-Privileged skilled chooser
-Disconnected local choosers
-Semi skilled choosers

27
Q
  1. Myth of parentocracy: Who are the Privileged skilled choosers?
A

Professional MC parents that use their cultural, social and economic capital to take advantage of choses open to them.

28
Q
  1. Myth of parentocracy: Who are the Disconnected local choosers?
A

WC parents with respected choices due to lack of capital.

29
Q
  1. Myth of parentocracy: Who are the Semi skilled choosers?
A

Mainly WC parents but are more ambitious for their children, rely on other peoples opinions of schools.

30
Q

Define Privatisation

A

When services once owned and provided by the state are now tranferred to private companies.

31
Q

What are the 2 main types of privatisation in education?

A
  1. Endogenous
  2. Exogenous
32
Q

Define Endogenous

A

Privatisation of education within the system, schools and universities operate more like private businesses

33
Q

Examples of Endogenous privatisation

A

-Competition between schools for students
-Efficient running of schools
-Performance related pay for teachers
-League tables & inspections

34
Q

Define Exogenous

A

Privatisation outside the education system, private profit making businesses deliver parts of education previously run by the state.

35
Q

Examples of Exogenous privatisation

A

-School services eg training, maintenance, catering & cleaning.
-Management
-School inspections eg Ofsted
-School branding eg website construction, logo
-External exams

36
Q

Positive evaluation of privatisation

A

-More business like so schools more efficient, more children educated to a higher standard.
-More choice for parents
-Profit motive may encourage companies to improve schools with poor quality education.

37
Q

Negative evaluation of Privatisation

A

-Money may be drained from the education system
-Cherry picking which schools to improve
-Private companies may go out of business leaving children without schools
-Making money may override needs of children.

Sociology - Education (10 decks)

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