8-Nutrition/Metabolism/Body Temp/Homeostasis

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

How fuel is burned in the body

Question 2

Define Basal metabolic rate

Answer 2

How fast fuel is burned in the body

Question 3

How is fuel for the body obtained (2)

Answer 3

• Breathing (O2)

- Eating (Glucose)

Question 4

What is the name of the amount of energy from nutrients

Answer 4

Kilocalorie

Question 5

How many calories come from 1 gram of carbs, protein and fat

Answer 5

• Carbs= 4
• Protein= 4
• Fat= 9

Question 6

What happens to excess nutrients in the body (2)

Answer 6

• Stored

- Excreted

Question 7

What does the body do if reserves are not available for energy

Answer 7

-Body structures will be metabolized

Question 8

What is catabolism

Answer 8

Breaking down carbs to make energy

Question 9

What is a result of catabolism

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

Explain the difference between macro/micro nutrients

Answer 10

• Macro- Breakdown of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins

- Micro- Minerals/Electrolytes, vitamins that pull energy from macronutrients

Question 11

What is the importance of carbohydrates (4)

Answer 11

• Most important source of energy
• Body turns it into glucose
• Glucose then produces energy
• Excess glucose is stored in liver and muscles

Question 12

What is the importance of Lipids (fats) (5)

Answer 12

• Provide energy to control inflammation, clotting and brain development
• Provides storage for extra calories
• Fills adipose tissue for insulation
• Maintains skin and hair
• Absorbs vitamins

Question 13

What do saturated fats cause

Answer 13

-High LDL (BAD cholesterol)

Question 14

What do unsaturated fats do

Answer 14

-Decrease LDL (BAD cholesterol)

Question 15

What do trans fatty acids do(2)

Answer 15

-Increase LDL
Decrease HDL (GOOD cholesterol)

Question 16

Function of protein and the basic structure

Answer 16

• Repair and maintain the body

- Basic structure is a chain of amino acids

Question 17

How do proteins work (3)

Answer 17

• Proteins are digested
• Amino acids are left over
• Large amounts of amino acids break down food

Question 18

What is anabolism

Answer 18

-Building larger molecules from smaller materials and requires energy

Question 19

How is energy used for anabolism (Aminos, carbs, fats)

Answer 19

• Amino acids -> Make muscle
• Carbs -> Make glucose
• Fats -> Make adipose tissue

Question 20

3 main types of amino acids

Answer 20

• Essential
• Nonessential
• Conditional

Question 21

What’s important about essential amino acids (3)

Answer 21

• Can’t be made by the body
• Must come from food
• Dont need to all come from 1 meal

Question 22

What is important about nonessential amino acids

Answer 22

They are made by the body

Question 23

What is important about conditional amino acids

Answer 23

Essential in times of illness and stress

Question 24

What are the functions of mineral/electrolytes (3)

Answer 24

• Build bones
• Make hormones
• Regulate heartbeat

Question 25

What are the 2 types of minerals and the quantity needed

Answer 25

- Macrominerals- Large amounts | - Trace minerals- Smaller amounts

Question 26

Name 4 of the 7 macrominerals

Answer 26

- Calcium - Phosphorous - Magnesium - Sodium - Potassium - Chloride - Sulfur

Question 27

Name 5 of the 8 trace minerals

Answer 27

- Iron - Manganese - Copper - Iodine - Zinc - Cobalt - Fluoride - Selenium

Question 28

What is the role of vitamins and the most important one

Answer 28

- Help the body grow and develop | - Thiamine (B-1)

Question 29

What is the importance of Thiamine (B-1) (2)

Answer 29

- Convert carbs to energy | - Assist heart, muscles and nervous system

Question 30

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 30

If D50 is given to fast it can cause dysrhythmias, seizures or death

Question 31

What is another name of the TCA cycle

Answer 31

Kreisler cycle

Question 32

What is the role of ATP and its importance

Answer 32

- Energy released from a catabolic reaction is stored in an ATP molecule - The stored energy is used to create anabolic reations

Question 33

What are ATP and ADP

Answer 33

- Adenosine Triphosphate | - Adenosine Diphosphate