8 - Pregnancy and perinatal health Flashcards
(33 cards)
What can affect fertility?
- age
- smoking
- BMI
- exercise
- drugs
- folate
- alcohol
What occurs during the first trimester?
Tissue differentiation
What occurs during the second trimester?
Tissue specialisation
What occurs during the third trimester?
Growth
What are the different maternal changes that occur during pregnancy?
- physical
- hormonal
- haematological
- cardiovascular
- coagulation
What is the average weight gain for the mother during pregnancy?
11-16kg
What hormonal changes occur during pregnancy?
- increased oestrogen and progesterone (increased water retention, increased blood volume)
- hormonal changes reduce insulin sensitivity which leads to pregnancy diabetes
What haematological changes occur during pregnancy?
- increased production of RC, WC and platelets
- 20% increase in RC mass
- Hb appears low due to dilation bay increased blood plasma volume
What cardiovascular changes occur during pregnancy?
- relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (reduced peripheral resistance, reduced blood pressure = heart rate increases)
- vena cava and aorta compressed by uterus
- difficulty with venous return when supine, turn on side when in dental chair
What coagulation changes occur during pregnancy?
- clotting factor production increased
- fibrinolysis increased
- increased system sensitivity = DVT risk
What should pregnant women avoid eating?
- raw/slightly cooked fish and meat (infection)
- raw eggs (salmonella)
- non pasteurised milk and cheese (listeria)
- spicy, grilled and fired food (reflux)
- tuna and shark (mercury)
When does development begin?
- week 4
- zygote becomes embryo
When does embryonic circulation begin?
Week 6
When does an embryo become a foetus?
10 weeks
What is developing at week 14?
- hair
- nails
- eyelids
What is developing at week 18?
- toes and fingers formed
- hearing responds
What is developing at week 20-26?
- vision and other senses
- brain development
- body fat increases
What is developing at week 20-26?
- vision and other senses
- brain development
- body fat increases
What is developing at week 6-10?
Embryonic development and growth
What is developing at week 10-14?
- features
- limbs
When is the first trimester?
Conception - 14 weeks
When is the second trimester?
14 weeks - 27 weeks
When is the third trimester?
27 weeks - birth
What develops during the third trimester?
- growth
- nervous system maturation
- lungs
- muscle and fat reserves
