8 - Radiography of the Skull and Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial fossa do each of the lobes of the brain sit in?

A

- Anterior: frontal

- Middle: temporal

- Posterior: occipital, brain stem, cerebellum

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2
Q

What are the tentorium cerebelli and the falx cerebri attached to?

A

FC: Crista Galli to TC. Slots down longitudinal fissure

TC: Clinoid and Petrous processes laterally to the transverse sinus grooves posteriorly

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3
Q

What is A and why is it black?

A
  • Lateral ventricles - filled with CSF.
  • Any subarachnoid space will be black due to CSF
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4
Q

What is cortical homunculus?

A
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5
Q

How do lesions of the cerebellum present?

A
  • Ipsilaterally
  • Sensitive to alcohol
  • Many important functions e.g. modulating and co-ordinating voluntary motor activity e.g. speech, eye movements, limbs, and in maintaining balance and posture
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6
Q
A
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What colour is acute and chronic haemorraghes on a CT scan?

A

Acute: lighter more white

Chronic: darker

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9
Q

What is anisocoria?

A
  • Unequal size of the eyes’ pupils
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10
Q

How could a subdural haemorraghe cause anisocoria and how is it treated?

A
  • Uncal herniation onto oculomotor nerve
  • Craniotomy and evacuation
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11
Q

What is paresis?

A
  • Muscles weakness
  • When figuring out what side has paresis think about decussation
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12
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus and the calcarine sulcus?

A
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13
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

behaviour, personality and planning and motor cortex

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14
Q

What symptoms would you get in a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

- Orbital Oedema due to blockage of IJV

- Diplopia and Ptosis due to interruption of CN III, IV, VI

- Pain/Numbness on side of face as sensory trigeminal

  • No issue with mastication as Vc not in cavernous sinus
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15
Q

Which cranial nerves move the eyeball?

A
  • Abducens
  • Trochlear
  • Occulomotor
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16
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A

Cerebrum and Diencaphelon (hypo/thalamus)

17
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in the corneal reflex?

A
  • Va sensory afferent
  • VII motor efferent
18
Q

Which lobe has the metastatic lesion?

A
  • Left cerebellum
  • Remember MRIs and CTs look up
19
Q
A
  • Optic nerve is an extension of forebrain so the ICP has irritated and compressed this nerve
  • Wouldn’t be the oculomotor nerve as this is affected by herniation of the temporal lobe
20
Q

Why may someone have CSF rhinorrhoea when presenting with this?

A
  • Basillar skull fracture
  • Tear in the dura
  • CSF can get from dura through the fracture
21
Q

What nerves is the gag reflex and saying AHH testing?

A

Gag: Glossopharyngeal and vagus

Ahh: vagus, both sides of soft pallate should elevate. If to one side, lesion is opposite side

22
Q

What is the role of the supra and infrahyoid muscles when swallowing?

A
23
Q

Describe in detail the phases of swallowing.

A
24
Q

How do you manage a peritonsillar abscess?

A
25
Q

What secondary condition can acoustic neuroma lead to?

A

Bells Palsy