Flashcards in 80 Flawed Methods Of Reasoning: Descriptors Deck (233)
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1
The argument's conclusion is identical to one of its premises
Circular Reasoning
2
The arguments attempts to support its conclusion solely by restating that conclusion in other words
Circular Reasoning
3
The argument rephrases its conclusion without offering any support for it
Circular Reasonign
4
The argument draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim given in support of that conclusion
Circular Reasoning
5
The argument offers, in place of support for its conclusion, a mere restatement of that conclusion
Circular Reasoning
6
The overall conclusion reached merely repeats the evidence offered
Circular Reasoning
7
The argument assumes what it seeks to establish
Circular Reasoning
8
The argument presupposes what it sets to conclude
Circular Reasoning
9
The argument takes for granted what it tries to prove
Circular Reasoning
10
The argument is a circular argument made up of an opening claim followed by a conclusion that merely paraphrases that claim
Circular Reasoning
11
The argument presents as its sole premise a claim that one would accept as true only if one already accepted the truth of the Conclusion
Circular Reasoning
12
The argument attempts to justify its conclusion by citing reasons that people would find plausible only if they were already convinced the conclusion was true
Circular Reasoning
13
The argument relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true
Circular Reasoning
14
The argument relies on an assumption that is implausible unless the conclusion is true
Circular Reasoning
15
The argument precludes the possibility of disconfirming evidence
Circular Reasoning
16
The argument disallows in principle any evidence that would disconfirm its conclusion
Circular Reasoning
17
The argument uses a key term ambiguously
Ambiguous Word Usage
18
The argument draws a conclusion based on equivocal language
Ambiguous Word Usage
19
The argument unfairly exploits an ambiguity in a word by treating two different meanings of the word as if they were equivalent
Ambiguous Word Usage
20
The argument inappropriately uses language that is vague
Ambiguous Word Usage
21
The argument bases its conclusion on an ambiguous interpretation of a key word
Ambiguous Word Usage
22
Te argument depends upon the use of an imprecise term
Ambiguous Word Usage
23
The argument relies on two different uses a pivotal phrase
Ambiguous Word Usage
24
The argument equivocates with respect to an important term
Ambiguous Word Usage
25
The argument uses a key phrase in two different senses
Ambiguous Word Usage
26
The argument incorrectly relies on words whose meanings are vague or imprecise
Ambiguous Word Usage
27
The argument allows a pivotal expression to shift its meaning over the course of the argument
Ambiguous Word Usage
28
The argument interprets an ambiguous claim in one way in one part of the argument and in another way in another part of the argument
Ambiguous Word Usage
29
The argument fails to distinguish between two distinct senses of a key term
Ambiguous Word Usage
30
