Neurodevelopmental Disorders/Conditions arising in Early Life

Question 1

This condition usually begins in infancy; people with it have low intelligence that causes them to need special help in coping with life

Answer 1

Intellectual disability

Question 2

This term indicates persons nominally ranked in the IQ

range of 71–84 who do not have the coping problems associated with intellectual disability

Answer 2

Borderline intellectual functioning

Question 3

From early childhood, the patient has impaired social interactions and communications, and shows stereotyped behaviors and interests

Answer 3

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 4

Use when a child under the age of 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally but you cannot reliably assess the degree

Answer 4

Global developmental delay

Question 5

Use this category when a child 5 years old or older cannot be reliably assessed, perhaps due to physical or mental impairment

Answer 5

Unspecified intellectual disability

Question 6

A child’s delay in using spoken and written language is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, and/or trouble understanding words
or sentences

Answer 6

Language disorder

Question 7

Despite adequate vocabulary and the ability to
create sentences, these patients have trouble with the practical use of language; their conversational
interactions tend to be inappropriate

Answer 7

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

Question 8

Correct speech develops slowly for the patient’s age or dialect

Answer 8

Speech sound disorder

Question 9

The normal fluency of speech is frequently

disrupted

Answer 9

Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Question 10

A child chooses not to talk, except when alone or with select intimates.
(DSM-5 lists this as an anxiety disorder)

Answer 10

Selective mutism

Question 11

This may involve problems with reading, mathematics, or written expression

Answer 11

Specific learning disorder

Question 12

Use for communication problems where you haven’t

enough information to make a specific diagnosis

Answer 12

Unspecified communication disorder

Question 13

The patient is slow to develop motor coordination;

some also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disorders

Answer 13

Developmental coordination disorder

Question 14

Patients repeatedly rock, bang their heads, bite themselves, or pick at their own skin or body orifices

Answer 14

Stereotypic movement disorder

Question 15

Multiple vocal and motor tics occur frequently throughout the day in these patients

Answer 15

Tourette’s disorder

Question 16

A patient has either motor or vocal tics, but not both

Answer 16

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder

Question 17

Tics occur for no longer than 1 year

Answer 17

Provisional tic disorder

Question 18

Use one of these categories for tics that do not meet the

criteria for any of the preceding

Answer 18

Other or unspecified tic disorder

Question 19

In this common condition, patients are hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, and often all three

Answer 19

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 20

Use these categories for symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, or inattention that do not meet full criteria
for ADHD

Answer 20

Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 21

Multiple examples of negativistic behavior persist for at least 6 months

Answer 21

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 22

A child persistently violates rules or the rights of others

Answer 22

Conduct disorder

Question 23

The patient eats material that is not food

Answer 23

Pica

Question 24

There is persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten

Answer 24

Rumination disorder

Question 25

At age 4 years or later, the patient repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto the floor

Answer 25

Encopresis

Question 26

At age 5 years or later, there is repeated voiding of urine (it can be voluntary or involuntary) into bedding or clothing

Answer 26

Enuresis

Question 27

During the first part of the night, these patients cry out in apparent fear. Often they don’t really wake up at all. This
behavior is considered pathological only in adults, not children

Answer 27

Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type

Question 28

A child’s mood is persistently negative between severe temper outbursts

Answer 28

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 29

The patient becomes anxious when apart from parent or home

Answer 29

Separation anxiety disorder