Research Methods in Developmental psychologhy

Question 1

Assent

Answer 1

When minor participants are asked to indicate their willingness to participate in a study. Usually obtained from participants who are at least 7yrs of age, in addition to a parent or guardian

Question 2

Attrition

Answer 2

when a participant drops out or fails to complete the study

Question 3

bidirectional relations

Answer 3

when one variable is likely both cause and consequence of another variable

Question 4

cohort effects

Answer 4

when research findings for the participants of the same age tested at different points in historical time

Question 5

cross-sectional research

Answer 5

the research design used to examine behavior in participants of different ages who are tested at the same point in time.

Question 6

dishabituation

Answer 6

when participants demonstrated increased attention through looking or listening behavior to a new stimulus after having been habituated to a different stimulus

Question 7

elicited imitation

Answer 7

a behavioral method used to examine recall memory in infants and young children

Question 8

event-related potentials ERP

Answer 8

the recording of a participant brain activity using a stretchy cap with small electrodes or sensors as participants engage in a particular task. EX.. photographs

Question 9

habituation

Answer 9

participants demonstrated decreased attention through looking or listening behavior to repeatedly presented stimuli

Question 10

informed consent

Answer 10

the process of getting permission from adults for themselves and their children to take part in research

Question 11

institutional review boards IRB

Answer 11

a committee that reviews and approves research involving human and animal subjects to ensure that the research is conducted in accordance with federal, institutional ethical guidelines.

Question 12

interview techniques

Answer 12

research method in which participants are asked to report on their experinces using language, commonly ehgaging in conversation with a researcher

Question 13

involuntary or obligatory responses

Answer 13

behaviors in which individuals engage that do not require much conscious thought or effort

Question 14

longitudinal research

Answer 14

research design used to examine behavior in the same participants over short (months) or long (decades) periods.

Question 15

motor control

Answer 15

use of thinking to direct muscles and limbs to perform a desired action

Question 16

object permanence

Answer 16

the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot directly be observed.

Question 17

practice effect

Answer 17

when participants get better at a task over time by practicing it through repeated assessments instead of due to actual development change.
- particularly problematic in longitudinal
and sequential research designs

Question 18

psychophysiological responses

Answer 18

recording of biological measures such as heart rate and hormone levels and neurological responses such as brain activity that may be observable behaviors

Question 19

recall memory

Answer 19

the process of remembering discrete episodes or events from the past including encoding, consolidation, storage and retrival

Question 20

research design

Answer 20

the srategy or blueprint for deciding hoe to collect and anaylze research information

Question 21

research methods

Answer 21

the specific tools and techniques used by researchers to collect information

Question 22

sequential research designs

Answer 22

a research design that includes elements of cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs

• cross-sectional design; sequential designs participants of different ages in one study
• continual designs, participants are different ages are followed over time.

Question 23

solidity principle

Answer 23

the idea that two solid masses should not be able to move through one another

Question 24

verbal report paradigms

Answer 24

research methods that require participants to report their experiences, thought, feeling, etc., using language

Question 25

vignette

Answer 25

the short story that presents a situation that participants are asked to respond to.

Question 26

voluntary responses

Answer 26

behaviors that a person has control over and completes by choice

Question 27

violation of expectation paradigm

Answer 27

research method in which infants are expected to respond in a particular way because one of two conditions violates or goes against what they should expect based on their everyday experiences.