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PLE Pathology > Vascular Pathology > Flashcards

Vascular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of organ ischemia in vasculitis

A

Endothelial destruction - thrombosis or fibrosis occluding vessels

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2
Q

Most common form of vasculitis in older adults > 50, usually females

A

Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis

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3
Q

Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis

A

Headache
Visual disturbance
Jaw Claudication

  • Temporal artery
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4
Q

Flu-like symptoms with joint and muscle pain in giant cell arteritis

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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5
Q

Morphology of Giant Cell Arteritis

A

Imflamed vessel wall with giant cell (granulomatous)(multinucleaed) and fibrosis

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6
Q

Granulomatous vasculitis presenting in patients less than 50 yrs old, usually involves aortic arch

A

Takayasu Arteritis

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7
Q

Vasculitis which presents with weak or absent pulse in an upper extremity

A

Takayasu Arteritis

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8
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis involves what arteries?

A

Muscular Arteries

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9
Q

Necrotizing medium sized vasculitis which involves most organs

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

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10
Q

Organ unaffected by Polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Lung

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11
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa is associated with what antigen

A

HbsAg

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12
Q

String-of-pearls appearance on imaging from fibrinoid necrosis of vessels is associated with

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

  • “Nodes” of small aneurysms between fibrosed tissue are the “pearls”
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13
Q

Vasculitis presenting with fever, conjunctivitis, erythematous rash of palms and soles, and lymphadenopathy

A

Kawasaki Disease

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14
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis involving the digits, presenting with ulceration, gangrene, raynaud phenomenon

A

Buerger Disease

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15
Q

Small Vessel Vasculitis involve

A

arterioles, capillaries, venules

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16
Q

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving nasopharynx, lungs, kidneys

A

Wegener Granulomatosis

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17
Q

Serum marker increased in Wegener Granulomatosis which correlate with disease activity

A

C-ANCA

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

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18
Q

Treatment for Wegeners Granulomatosis

A

Cyclophosphamide

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19
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis involving multiple organs, especially lung and kidney, with no granuloma formation

A

Microscopic Polyangiitis

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20
Q

Serum marker increased in Microscopic polyangitis

A

P-ANCA

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21
Q

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophils involving multiple organs especially lungs and heart

A

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

22
Q

Vasculitis associated with Asthma

A

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

23
Q

Serum marker elevated in Churg-Strauss Syndrome

A

P-ANCA

24
Q

Vasculitis due to IgA complex deposition

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

25
Q

Most common Vasculitis in children

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

26
Q

Two major causes of renal artery stenosis

A 
Atherosclerosis
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (young)
27
Q

Vessel layer involved in atherosclerosis

A

Intima of medium and large sized vessels

28
Q

Contents of atherosclerotic plaque

A

Necrotic Lipid Core

Fibrous Cap

29
Q

Fatty Streak is

A

Macrophage capturing oxidized lipids deposited in intima

30
Q

Amount of stenosis required to produce ischemic symptoms

A

> 70%

31
Q

Cholesterol clefts is a hallmark of

A

Atherosclerotic embolus

32
Q

Arteriolosclerosis caused by leaking proteins in long standing hypertension and diabetes

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

mechanism of HTNKD and DMKD

33
Q

Onion-skin appearance of vessels is associated with

A

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

34
Q

Flea-bitten appearance in a kidney causing AKI is caused by what vessel pathology

A

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

35
Q

Calcification of the tunica media, non-obstructive and not clinically significant, usually incidentally seen in mammography

A

Monckeberg medial calcific stenosis

36
Q

Intimal tear in blood vessel, allowing blood to access the media

A

Aortic Dissection

37
Q

Common site of aortic dissection

A

Proximal 10 cm of aorta

38
Q

Requirements for dissection

A

Pre-existing media weakness (connective tissue defect, hypertension)

39
Q

How does hypertension cause aortic dissection?

A

Sclerosis of vasa vasorum leads to poor perfusion of adventitia and media

40
Q

Most common cause of death in aortic dissection

A

Pericardial tamponade

41
Q

Requirements for aneurysm

A

Weakness in the aortic wall

42
Q

Tree-bark appearance of the aorta is associated with

A

Aneurysm

43
Q

Complication of thoracic aneurysm due to dilatation of aortic root

A

Aortic insufficiency

44
Q

Location of AAA

A

Below renal artery, above bifurcation

45
Q

Size of AAA prone to rupture

A

> 5 cm

46
Q

Triad of symptoms in AAA rupture

A

hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain

47
Q

Benign tumor comprised of blood vessels, often regresses in childhood

A

Hemangioma

48
Q

Malignant proliferation of endothelial cells, usually in skin, breast, and liver

A

Angiosarcoma

49
Q

Low grade malignant proliferation of endothelial cells presenting as purple patches, plaques or nodules

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Hemangiomas Blanch

A

FALSE

Blood is in skin, not in vessels.

51
Q

Virus associated with Kaposi Sarcoma

A

HHV-8

human herpesvirus 8

PLE Pathology (10 decks)

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