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Dermatology Boards > Basic Science > Flashcards

Basic Science Flashcards

1
Q

Major contributor to permeability barrier in lamina densa

A

heparan sulfate (negatively charged)

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2
Q

Most common amino acids in collagen

A

glycine-proline-hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine

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3
Q

Elaunin runs

A

laying down, horizontal
reticular (deep)
Part of elastic tissue

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4
Q

oxytalan

A

perpendicular

papillary

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate
This is what retains water and plumps up the skin (up to 1000x their volume)

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6
Q

Fingernail growth rate

A

2-3 mm/month (~ 6 months to grow out)

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7
Q

Toenail growth rate

A

1 mm per month (~ 12 months to grow out)

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8
Q

Stages of Wound Healing

A

Inflammatory
Proliferative
Remodeling

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9
Q

Inflammatory Stage of Wound Healing

A

Inflammatory:

Plts-> fibrin/fibronectin-> neutrophils (48 hours)-> Macrophages (most important)

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10
Q

Proliferative Stage of Wound Healing

A

Proliferative (5-7 days):
keratinocytes migrate sooner (starting at 23 hours)
PDGF, TGF-a/B, FGF (macrophage factors that start this phase)
granulation tissue: fibronectin-> then Col III -> Col I
contraction: myofibroblasts

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11
Q

Remodeling Stage of Wound Healing

A

Regression of granulation tissue, fibroblast deposition of collagen/fibronectin

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12
Q

Scar Strength

A

1 week: 5%
3 weeks: 20%
3 months: 50%
1 year: 80%

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13
Q

Light Spectrum Overview

A

gamma-> x-ray-> UV-> VIBGYOR-> Infrared -> microwaves-> radio waves

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14
Q

Visible Light Spectrum

A

380 -> 750

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15
Q

UV Spectrum

A

UVA-I (400- 340)
UVA-II (340-320)
UVB (320- 280)
UVC (280-200)

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16
Q

Conversion of Provitamin D3-> Previtamin D3

A

UVB

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17
Q

Antimicrobial Peptides Increased in Psoriasis

A

Cathelicidins
Defensins

These are decreased in atopic dermatitis

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18
Q

Classical Complement Pathway

A

Activated by IgG (not IgG 4) and IgM

C1q-> Cs-> C4

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19
Q

C3a

A

anaphylotoxin

20
Q

C3b

A

opsonin

21
Q

C5a

A

Neutrophil chemotaxis

anaphylotoxin

22
Q

MAC subunits

A

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

23
Q

Alternative Cascade Activator

A

LPS (bacterial cell surface proteins

C3b-> Factor B -> Factor D

24
Q

Lectin Pathway

A

Mannose-Binding protein (interacts directly with polysaccharides on bacteria/fungi/viruses/protozoa

25
Q

Co-stimulation

CD 28

A

B7-1, B7-2 (APC)

CD28 (T-cell)

26
Q

Co-stimulation

CD2

A

LFA-3 (APC)

CD2 (T-Cell)

27
Q

Co-stimulation

LFA-1

A

ICAM-1 (APC)

LFA-1 (T-Cells)

28
Q

Co-stimulation

CTLA-4

A

B7-1, B7-2 (APC)

CTLA-4 (T-Cells)

29
Q

IL-2

A

Stimulates ALL T-cell activation and proliferation

30
Q

TH1

Important chemokines

A

Trigger: Intracellular pathogens

Macrophages (IL-12)
TH1-Cells, NK-Cells (IFN-y, IL-2, TNF-a)

Promote macrophage activity
STAT1 and STAT4

31
Q

TH2

A

Tigger: Extracellular pathogens

TH2 Cells (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13)

STAT6 and GATA3

Activates eosinophils and suppresses macrophages

32
Q

TH17

A

IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, IL-36, TNF-a

STAT3 (Job syndrome), TGF-B

Neutrophil activiation

33
Q

Treg

A

CD 25 (FOXP3)

34
Q

NK Cells

A

IL-12 (TH1), IL-15, Type 1 interferons

35
Q

Eosinophils

A

Activated by IL-5

36
Q

Mast Cells

A

CD34
c-kit
CD 13

C-kit receptor (CD117)

37
Q

MHC-Class I

A

expressed on all nucleated cells

HLA-A, B, C

38
Q

MHC-Class II

A

expressed on APCs

HLA-DP, DQ, DR

39
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Lupus

40
Q

HLA-B17, B-13

A

Guttate psoriasis

41
Q

HLA-B51

A

Behcets

42
Q

HLA-DR4, DRB4, DQ8

A

Chronic idiopathic urticaria

43
Q

HLA- DR3, DR4

A

Pemphigoid gestationis

44
Q

HLA- DR4, DRw6

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

45
Q

HLA A1 and B8

A

DH

46
Q

HLA-DR1 and DR10

A

DH

47
Q

HLA-A33, B-13, B-44, DRB1, DR4

A

Vitiligo

Dermatology Boards (7 decks)

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