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4MB > EBM > Flashcards

EBM Flashcards

1
Q

number of cases present in a population at a given time

A

prevalence

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2
Q

number of new cases in a population within a specified time

A

incidence

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3
Q

study which compares the freq of a proposed risk factor between 2 groups - those with the disease and those without

A

case control

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4
Q

study which identifies subjects exposed to a proposed cause and those who are unexposed. The incidence of the disease is then calculated over time usually prospectively

A

cohort study

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5
Q

number needed to treat with a drug to prevent one new case or death

A

NNT

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6
Q

NNT formula

A

(1/absolute risk reduction) x100

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7
Q

how to calculate absolute risk

A

number of events in treated/control group divided by the number of people in the group

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8
Q

how do you calculate absolute risk reduction

A

absolute risk of events in control - absolute risk of events in treatment group
ARC - ART

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9
Q

how to calculate relative risk

A

absolute risk of event in treated group/ absolute risk of event in control
ART/ARC

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10
Q

how to calculate relative risk reduction

A

(absolute risk of control group - absolute risk of treatment group)/absolute risk of control group
(ARC-ART)/ARC or 1-RR

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11
Q

what is the gold standard study type

A

double blind randomised control trial

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12
Q

systematic merging of similar trials that may be used to explain data inconsistencies

A

meta analysis

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13
Q

an adaptive design that allows for learning during the experiment

A

Bayesian protocol

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14
Q

compares relative likelihood of an event occurring in two distinct groups

A

odds ratio

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15
Q

how to calculate odds ratio
disease none
————————————————
exposed A B
unexposed C D

A

AD/BC

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16
Q

definition of sensitivity

A

how often person testing positive has the disease

17
Q

how to calculate sensitivity
disease none
————————————————
+ve A B
-ve C D

A

A/A+C

18
Q

definition of specificity

A

how often person testing negative does not have the disease

19
Q

how to calculate specificity
disease none
————————————————
+ve A B
-ve C D

A

D/D+B

20
Q

what is the positive predictive value

A

how often will someone who tests positive have the disease

21
Q

how to calculate positive predictive value
disease none
————————————————
+ve A B
-ve C D

A

A/A+B

22
Q

what is the negative predictive value

A

how often will someone who tests negative not have the disease

23
Q

how to calculate negative predictive value
disease none
————————————————
+ve A B
-ve C D

A

D/D+C

24
Q

what is the likelihood ratio

A

ratio of the chance of having a pos/neg result if the disease is present to the chance of having a pos/neg result if the disease is absent

25
Q

how to calculate likelihood ratio

A

+ve
sensitivity/1-specificity
-ve
1-sensitivity/specificity

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