Chapter 8

Question 1

Poverty

Answer 1

Poverty is defined as the deprivation of basic resources, such as food, water, clothing, adequate housing etc.

Question 2

Inequality

Answer 2

Inequality – ‘the state of not being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities’

Question 3

Globalization

Answer 3

It is the process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced, allowing individuals ,groups and companies to act on a global scale.

Question 4

Global Distribution -

Answer 4

Global Distribution -The transfer of goods and services (usually from one country to another) that has led to a more interconnected world

Question 5

Global Marketing-

Answer 5

Global marketing refers to the advertising and supply of products on a global scale

Question 6

Safe water

Answer 6

Safe water is water that is not contaminated with disases causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or chemicals such as lead and mercury.

Question 7

Sanitation

Answer 7

Sanitation refers to the provision of facilities and services for the the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, as well as the maintenance of hygienic conditions through garbage collection and the disposal of waste water.

Question 8

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 8

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GDP is the value of all
goods and services produced in a country in a 12-month period.

Question 9

Gross National Income (GNI)

Answer 9

Gross National Income (GNI) the total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the
value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country

Question 10

Gender identity

Answer 10

Gender identity describes how individuals
perceive themselves as male,
female, a blend of both, or neither.

Question 11

Sexual orientation

Answer 11

Sexual orientation describes the sex that an individual is sexually and romantically attracted to.

Question 12

Extreme poverty

Answer 12

Extreme poverty relates to those living on less than US$1.90 per day

Question 13

Explain reasons why alcohol and tobacco consumption are expected to increase in low income countries.

Answer 13

• A lack of health education(I.e. people don’t understand the health risks of tobacco use)
• No underage laws
• No labeling laws(they are not required to list all of the chemicals on the packet)
• No sale taxes
• No passive smoking laws
• No marketing bans

Question 14

Social characteristics

Answer 14

gender equality
levels of employment 
levels of education
social security systems
health care systems

Question 15

economic characteristics

Answer 15

levels of poverty
average income 
trade opportunist 
range of industries
debt levels

Question 16

environmental

Answer 16

housing
food security
safe water
sanitation
infrastructure

Question 17

Low income

Answer 17

low/weak/poor/ineffective

Question 18

Middle income

Answer 18

intermediate/average/moderate

Question 19

high income

Answer 19

high/strong/effective

Question 20

Processed foods:

Answer 20

Lack of nutritional education
Lack of food labelling legislation
Lack of healthy eating promotion strategies
No sale taxes