Lecture 7: Superficial Back

Question 1

Two surfaces of scapula

Answer 1

costal and dorsal

Question 2

Three borders of scapula

Answer 2

superior, lateral, and medial

Question 3

Three angles of scapula

Answer 3

lateral , superior and inferior

Question 4

Three processes of scapula

Answer 4

acromion, spine, coracoid process

Question 5

• Located on the superior border of the scapula just medial to the coracoid process.
• Bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament to form a foramen for the suprascapular nerve

Answer 5

Suprascapular notch

Question 6

• Located at the lateral free edge of the spine

- Traversed by the suprascapular nerve and artery (headed to infrapsinatus muscle)

Answer 6

Spinoglenoid notch (a.k.a. greater scapular notch)

Question 7

• articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint
• deepened slightly by a fibro cartilaginous glenoid labrum

Answer 7

Glenoid cavity

Question 8

Action of trapezius muscle

Answer 8

Acts to suspend the shoulder girdle, elevate (“shrugging”), depress or retract the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity upward during abduction of the humerus above the horizontal.

Question 9

Blood supply of trapezius

Nerve supply of trapezius

Answer 9

Blood: superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery.
Nerve: Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
-supplied by C3 & C4 spinal nerves for proprioception.

Question 10

Action of latissimus dorsi muscle

Answer 10

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus; it also raises the body toward the arms during climbing (“pull-ups”)

Question 11

Blood supply of latissimus dorsi

Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi

Answer 11

Blood: thoracodorsal artery
Nerve: thoracodorsal nerve
(C6-C8; posterior cord)

Question 12

Action of Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Answer 12

Retract scapula (pull it medially) and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; also fix scapula to thoracic wall.

Question 13

Blood supply of Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Nerve supply of Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Answer 13

Blood: dorsal scapular artery
Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 14

Action of levator scapulae

Answer 14

Elevates the scapula

Question 15

Blood supply of levator scapulae

Nerve supply of levator scapulae

Answer 15

Blood: dorsal scapular artery
Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
(also from anterior rami spinal nerves C3-C4.)

Question 16

What nerve injury leads to, weakness in trapezius, may appear as drooping of the shoulder , inability to raise the arm above the head because of impaired rotation of scapula , or weakness in attempting to raise the shoulder ( i.e. shrug the shoulder against resistance )

Answer 16

an injury of the accessory nerve ( XI)

Question 17

What nerve injury leaads to, A weakness in or an inability to use the latissimus dorsi, diminishes the capacity to pull the body upward while climbing or doing a pull up .

Answer 17

an injury to the thoracodorsal nerve

Question 18

What nerve injury leads to, which innervates the rhomboids , may result in a lateral shift in the position of scapula on the affected side

Answer 18

An injury to the dorsal scapular nerve

Question 19

Action of serratus posterior superior

Answer 19

It elevates the upper ribs.

Question 20

Action of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 20

It depresses the lower ribs

Question 21

Blood supply of serratus posterior superior and inferior

Nerve supply of serratus posterior superior and inferior

Answer 21

Blood: intercostal arteries
Nerve: anterior rami of intercostal nerves

Question 22

Triangle of auscultation boundaries

Answer 22

medial - trapezius muscle
inferior - latissimus dorsi
lateral - medial border of scapula and rhomboid major muscle

Question 23

Triangle of auscultation importance

Answer 23

Auscultation of breath sounds: a good place to position a stethoscope to listen to posterior segments of the lung

Question 24

Lumbar traingle of Petit boundaries

Answer 24

Latissimus dorsi muscle - medial
External oblique muscle - lateral
Iliac crest – inferior

Question 25

Lumbar traingle of Petit importance

Answer 25

Site of lumbar hernia