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CADE > Learning objectives intro to CNS > Flashcards

Learning objectives intro to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is PNS made off

A

31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves

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2
Q

do above the midbrain

A

just like lizard
dorsal
rostril caudal
ventral

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3
Q

below the midbrain

A

rostril
ventral dorsal
caudal

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4
Q

functions of the temporal lobe

A

speech, comprehension, hearing

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5
Q

what are the crevices in the brain

A

sulci (the lines)

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6
Q

What are the ridges

A

gyri the bumps or ridges

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7
Q

gross anatomy midbrain ventral view

A

cerebral peduncle, inter peduncular fossa

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8
Q

gross anatomy midbrain dorsal view

A

superior colliculus, inferior colliculus

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9
Q

gross anatomy pons ventral view

A

MIDDLE CEREBELLAR FOSSA, trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

gross anatomy ventral view medulla

A

olive, pyramid

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11
Q

gross anatomy dorsal view medulla

A

medially is fasciculus gracilis, laterally fasciculus cuneatus

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12
Q

gross anatomy spinal cord

A

lateral funiculus, ventral funiculus, median fissure

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13
Q

gross anatomy spinal cord left to right

A

dorsal median sulcus, dorsal intermediate sulcus, dorsal funiculi (2) each side, dorsal fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus

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14
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

choroid plexus specialized vascular structure

Located in the ventricles

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15
Q

What is the flow of CSF

A

lateral ventricles (cerebral hemispheres)
interventricular foreamen of monro
Third ventricle (diencephalon)
Cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle (pons medulla cerebellum)
exit through lateral aperature of median aperature of magdane to the subarachnoid space

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16
Q

How does CSF transfer from the subarachnoid space to the venous blood?

A

from subarachnoid space CSF is reabsorbed to the venous blood through one way valves formed by arachnoid matter
its arachnoid villi and granulations

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17
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

communicating vs non communicating

A

When there is a build up of CSF in the brain in the subarachnoid space
Communicating is reabsorption can’t happen
Non communicating means there is a blockage

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18
Q

What are the dorsal nuclei and function

A

substantia gelatinosa: modifies info about pain
nucleus proprius: pain and temp
dorsal nucleus of clarke: proprioception

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19
Q

what are the three dorsal nuclei

A

substantia gelatinosa, nucleus proprius, dorsal nucleus of clarke

20
Q

Pain is which nucleus

A

substantia gelatinosa modifies the pain

21
Q

pain and temp is which nucleus

A

nucleus proprius

22
Q

proprioception is which nucleus

A

dorsal nucleus of clarke

23
Q

Gray matter lateral horn functions

A

autonomic nervous system
sympathetic thoracic and lumbar level
parasympathetic sacral level

24
Q

anterior/ventral horn gray matter list the nuclei

A

medial is trunk, lateral is limbs, posterior is flexors(positively flexing), anterior is extensors.

25
Q

List the enlargements of the spinal cord. Why do these enlargements exist? What is the specific function of each enlargement?

A

Cervical and lumbar enlargements
For fine touch and more motor control
Cervical upper limbs, lumbar lower limbs

26
Q

Conus medullaris

A

cone tip where spinal cord ends at L1

27
Q

filum terminale

A

ligament to anchor at the end of coccyx, silver strand interespered in the cuada equina

28
Q

cauda equina

A

“horse tail” bundle of nerves starting at the end of lumbar enlargement

29
Q

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1

30
Q

Where is the epi(extra) dural space and what is found within it?

A

between dura mater and skull and it contains venous plexus, blood and fat

31
Q

What does the dorsal/ventral ramus innervate?

A

Ventral rami: all extrinsic muscles of the back (except Trapezius). And stuff from the front.

32
Q

For complete cutaneous sensory loss, how many spinal nerves would have to be lesioned? Why?

A

Three spinal nerves. Because each dermatome overlap its adjacent dermatomes by 50%

33
Q

What types of fibers are found in Ventral roots

A

motor and pre-ganglionic sympathetic.

34
Q

What types of fibers are found in dorsal

A

sensory

35
Q

Where is the first point where a nerve becomes ‘mixed’? (ie. contains motor and sensory innervation?)

A

True nerve at intervertebral foramen. Union of ventral and dorsal roots.

36
Q

What do somatic sensory neurons innervate? Where are their cell bodies of origin located? How many neurons link the CNS to the target?

A

Somatic sensory neurons innervate: sensory signals from SKIN OR skeletal MUSCLES to CNS
Cell bodies of origin located: dorsal root ganglion
1 neuron links CNS to target (sensory in general is only one)

37
Q

What do somatic motor neurons innervate? Where are their cell bodies of origin located? How many neurons link the central nervous system (CNS) to the target?

A

Somatic motor neurons innervate: output from CNS to skeletal muscle of trunk or limbs
Cell bodies of origin located: ventral horn nucleus
1 neuron links CNS to target

38
Q

What do visceral sensory neurons innervate? Where are their cell bodies of origin located? How many neurons link the CNS to the target

A

Visceral sensory neurons innervate: sensory signals from these neurons carry sensory information (distension, pain) from viscera (gland, internal organ to the CNS.
Cell bodies of origin located in: dorsal root ganglion
1 neuron link CNS to the target

39
Q

What do visceral motor (autonomic) neurons innervate?

A

Viscera like gland, internal organ, or blood vessel

40
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) a sensory or motor system, or both? How many neurons link the CNS to the target?

A

Motor system

2 neurons link

41
Q

Where are the neuron cell bodies of origin for the sympathetic division of the ANS located in the CNS? ? Based on this location, what are the anatomical-based names for each division?

A

Sympathetic cell bodies: In the Intermediolateral grey horn From T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

42
Q

Where are the neuron cell bodies of origin for the parasympathetic division of the ANS located in the CNS? ? Based on this location, what are the anatomical-based names for each division?

A

Cranial (brainstem) and Sacral region (S2-4). Craniosacral

43
Q

What information does somatic system convey

A

between CNS and body wall/limbs

44
Q

What information does visceral system convey

A

conveys impulses between the CNS and blood vessels, glands or internal organs (viscera

45
Q

Where are cell bodies for pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Inside the spinal cord preganglionic in S2,3,4 in lateral horn located there

CADE (2 decks)

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